Cell Structure and Functions Flashcards
Cell Theory
- Cells are the basic Unit of Life
- Organisms are made of one or more cells
- All cells are made from other cells
Prokaryote Cells
A simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Example: Bacteria.
Eukaryote Cells
A complex cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Cell Membrane
A flexible barrier that controls what goes in and out of the cell
Cell Wall
A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides support and protection
Cytoplasm
A jelly-like substance that holds organelles
Nucleus
The control center of the cell that contains DNA and directs cell activities
Ribosomes
Tiny structures that make protiens
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER – Has ribosomes and helps modify and transport proteins.
Smooth ER – Lacks ribosomes and makes lipids and detoxifies substances.
Golgi Apparatus
Modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids.
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell that produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
Chloroplast
Found in plant cells; converts sunlight into energy (photosynthesis).
Vacuole
– Stores water, nutrients, and waste; plant cells have a large central vacuole.
Lysosomes
break down waste and old cell parts
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that gives the cell shape and helps with movement.
Centrioles
Helps with cell division
Plant Cell
A cell that has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole. It makes its own food through photosynthesis.
Animal Cell
A cell that does not have a cell wall or chloroplasts. It gets energy from food and has many small vacuoles.
