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cell > cell structure and function, unit conversion, scientific notation > Flashcards

cell structure and function, unit conversion, scientific notation Flashcards

1
Q

Most cells cannot be seen without what?

A

a microscope

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2
Q

Bacteria require magnification up to what?

A

1000x

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3
Q

Plant and animal cells are how many times larger than bacteria?

A

10 times

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4
Q

What is cell theory?

A

All living things are composed of

cells and that all cells come from other cells

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5
Q

What are dynamic, moving, living systems?

A

cells

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6
Q

Which cell is a prokaryote?

A

bacterial cells

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7
Q

What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

A

They both have a plasma membrane and one or more chromosomes and ribosomes.

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8
Q

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?

A

Prokaryotic cells have no true organelles and they have a nucleoid while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and true organelles

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9
Q

What kind of chromosomes do eukaryote and prokaryote cells have?

A

eukaryote- linear, prokaryote-circular

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10
Q

What biomolecule is the cell wall of plant cells made of?

A

cellulose which is a complex sugar

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11
Q

Why does the nucleus control all of the cell’s activities?

A

because it contains the DNA and its where the site of gene regulation is.

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12
Q

What is the protein that is packed with the DNA called?

A

chromatin

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13
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

is a double membrane with pores that allow
material to flow in and out of the
nucleus

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14
Q

What is it attached to?

A

a network of cellular membranes called the endoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

What is involved in the cells proteins synthesis?

A

ribosomes

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16
Q

Where are ribosomes synthesized in?

A

the nucleolus

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17
Q

Where is the nucleolus located?

A

the nucleus

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18
Q

What transports synthesized proteins?

A

the rough ER

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19
Q

How does the rough ER transport proteins?

A

they transport them in vesicles to other parts of the endomembrane system

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20
Q

The smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of what?

A

lipids, oils, phospholipids, and steroids

21
Q

What makes the rough ER appear rough, and the smooth ER appear smooth?

A

ribosomes

22
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

modifies products from the ER, transports lipids and proteins to other cells, and creates lysosomes

23
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

it is a membranous sac containing digestive

enzymes.

24
Q

What are enzymes?

A

they are proteins that help

chemical reactions happen.

25
Q

the enzymes and membrane are produced by what?

A

the ER

26
Q

What do the lysosomes do?

A

they remove or recycle damaged parts of a cell

27
Q

Why are the mitochondria considered the powerhouse of the cell?

A

because it is where cellular respiration happens

28
Q

Why are the mitochondria considered the powerhouse of the cell?

A

because it is where cellular respiration happens

29
Q

What does cellular respiration do?

A

Cellular respiration converts
chemical energy in foods to
chemical energy that can be
used to run the cell which is called ATP

30
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

adenosine triphosphate

31
Q

If prokaryotes don’t have mitochondria, how do they convert food into energy?

A

they still have cellular respiration

32
Q

In which organelle of the plant cell does photosynthesis occur?

A

chloroplasts

33
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy (sugar).

34
Q

Cyanobacteria do not have chloroplasts. How do they

photosynthesize?

A

because they were once free-living cells (not sure)

35
Q

what are the similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

They both are maternally transmitted (inherited from the mother) in most of the organisms and they both contain multiple membrane structures.

36
Q

What are the evidences of endosymbiosis?

A

They are enclosed in a double membrane, like some prokaryotes they contain circular DNA they occur with prokaryotes on the tree of life.

37
Q

What DNA are the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplast most similar to?

A

Bacterial DNA

38
Q

What does the cytoskeleton do?

A

it provides structural support to the cell.

39
Q

What biomolecule are cytoskeletons made up of?

A

proteins

40
Q

The proteins in the cytoskeleton make up what?

A

microtubules and microfilaments

41
Q

What is mitosis?

A

cell division

42
Q

What are microtubules and microfilaments made of?

A

tubulin and actin

43
Q

Tubulin and actin are what biomolecule?

A

proteins

44
Q

These organelles are in charge of storage and

movement of materials in the cell.

A

vesicles and vacuoles

45
Q

Are vacuoles more common in plants or

animals?

A

plants

46
Q

What gives cells their structural support?

A

cytoskeleton

47
Q

What is the role of the ribosome?

A

important in making proteins

48
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

In chromosomes

cell (1 decks)

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