cell structure and function, unit conversion, scientific notation

Question 1

Most cells cannot be seen without what?

Answer 1

a microscope

Question 2

Bacteria require magnification up to what?

Answer 2

1000x

Question 3

Plant and animal cells are how many times larger than bacteria?

Answer 3

10 times

Question 4

What is cell theory?

Answer 4

All living things are composed of

cells and that all cells come from other cells

Question 5

What are dynamic, moving, living systems?

Answer 5

cells

Question 6

Which cell is a prokaryote?

Answer 6

bacterial cells

Question 7

What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

Answer 7

They both have a plasma membrane and one or more chromosomes and ribosomes.

Question 8

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?

Answer 8

Prokaryotic cells have no true organelles and they have a nucleoid while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and true organelles

Question 9

What kind of chromosomes do eukaryote and prokaryote cells have?

Answer 9

eukaryote- linear, prokaryote-circular

Question 10

What biomolecule is the cell wall of plant cells made of?

Answer 10

cellulose which is a complex sugar

Question 11

Why does the nucleus control all of the cell’s activities?

Answer 11

because it contains the DNA and its where the site of gene regulation is.

Question 12

What is the protein that is packed with the DNA called?

Answer 12

chromatin

Question 13

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 13

is a double membrane with pores that allow
material to flow in and out of the
nucleus

Question 14

What is it attached to?

Answer 14

a network of cellular membranes called the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

What is involved in the cells proteins synthesis?

Answer 15

ribosomes

Question 16

Where are ribosomes synthesized in?

Answer 16

the nucleolus

Question 17

Where is the nucleolus located?

Answer 17

the nucleus

Question 18

What transports synthesized proteins?

Answer 18

the rough ER

Question 19

How does the rough ER transport proteins?

Answer 19

they transport them in vesicles to other parts of the endomembrane system

Question 20

The smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of what?

Answer 20

lipids, oils, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 21

What makes the rough ER appear rough, and the smooth ER appear smooth?

Answer 21

ribosomes

Question 22

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Answer 22

modifies products from the ER, transports lipids and proteins to other cells, and creates lysosomes

Question 23

What is a lysosome?

Answer 23

it is a membranous sac containing digestive

enzymes.

Question 24

What are enzymes?

Answer 24

they are proteins that help

chemical reactions happen.

Question 25

the enzymes and membrane are produced by what?

Answer 25

the ER

Question 26

What do the lysosomes do?

Answer 26

they remove or recycle damaged parts of a cell

Question 27

Why are the mitochondria considered the powerhouse of the cell?

Answer 27

because it is where cellular respiration happens

Question 28

Why are the mitochondria considered the powerhouse of the cell?

Answer 28

because it is where cellular respiration happens

Question 29

What does cellular respiration do?

Answer 29

Cellular respiration converts chemical energy in foods to chemical energy that can be used to run the cell which is called ATP

Question 30

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 30

adenosine triphosphate

Question 31

If prokaryotes don’t have mitochondria, how do they convert food into energy?

Answer 31

they still have cellular respiration

Question 32

In which organelle of the plant cell does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 32

chloroplasts

Question 33

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 33

Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy (sugar).

Question 34

Cyanobacteria do not have chloroplasts. How do they | photosynthesize?

Answer 34

because they were once free-living cells (not sure)

Question 35

what are the similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer 35

They both are maternally transmitted (inherited from the mother) in most of the organisms and they both contain multiple membrane structures.

Question 36

What are the evidences of endosymbiosis?

Answer 36

They are enclosed in a double membrane, like some prokaryotes they contain circular DNA they occur with prokaryotes on the tree of life.

Question 37

What DNA are the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplast most similar to?

Answer 37

Bacterial DNA

Question 38

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Answer 38

it provides structural support to the cell.

Question 39

What biomolecule are cytoskeletons made up of?

Answer 39

proteins

Question 40

The proteins in the cytoskeleton make up what?

Answer 40

microtubules and microfilaments

Question 41

What is mitosis?

Answer 41

cell division

Question 42

What are microtubules and microfilaments made of?

Answer 42

tubulin and actin

Question 43

Tubulin and actin are what biomolecule?

Answer 43

proteins

Question 44

These organelles are in charge of storage and | movement of materials in the cell.

Answer 44

vesicles and vacuoles

Question 45

Are vacuoles more common in plants or | animals?

Answer 45

plants

Question 46

What gives cells their structural support?

Answer 46

cytoskeleton

Question 47

What is the role of the ribosome?

Answer 47

important in making proteins

Question 48

Where is DNA found?

Answer 48

In chromosomes