Cell Structure And Function In Bacteria And Archaea

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

In microbiology: cell shape!

Question 2

Cell shape size of prokaryotes, surface to volume ratio, cellgrowth

Answer 2

Defined shape, small size ->
Have higher surface-to-volume ratio than eukaryotes
-> higher cellular growth rate due higher nutrients exchange rate
-> higher evolution (the more chrmosome replication, the more mutation)

Question 3

Cell wall of bacteria

Answer 3

Bacteria have rigid layer (peptidoglycan).

Question 4

Peptidoglycan

Answer 4

Polysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

Lysozyme destroys it (ie. Defense against bact. Infections)

Question 5

Gram-positive cell wall

Answer 5

90% of cellwall is peptidoglycan. Teichoid acid acidic component in wall: responsible for negative charge of cell surface

Question 6

Gram-negative cell wall

Answer 6

10% of cellwall is peptidoglycan, cell wall vomposed of outer cell membrane (phospholipids, proteins and polysaccha.)
-> permeable due to porins