Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
What is Cell Theory?
Concept that all living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life.
What is the Surface-Area-to-Volume Ratio?
Ratio that influences cell efficiency in exchanging materials.
What is Microscope Resolution?
Ability to distinguish two points as separate.
What is a Prokaryotic Cell?
Simple cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
What is a Eukaryotic Cell?
Complex cell with a nucleus and organelles.
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?
Hypothesis that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed prokaryotes.
What is the function of the Nucleus?
Organelle containing DNA; controls cell functions.
What is a Ribosome?
Structure for protein synthesis made of RNA and proteins.
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
Membrane network responsible for protein and lipid synthesis.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
What is a Lysosome?
Digestive organelle containing enzymes.
What is a Peroxisome?
Organelles containing enzymes for metabolism and detoxification.
What is a Vacuole?
Membrane-bound storage sac.
What is a Chloroplast?
Organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plants and algae.
What is a Mitochondrion?
Organelle responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production.
What is the Cytoskeleton?
Network of protein fibers that maintain cell structure and assist movement.
What is an Actin Filament?
Thin fibers supporting cell shape and movement.
What is an Intermediate Filament?
Fibers providing mechanical stability.
What is a Microtubule?
Hollow tubes that support cell structure and division.
What are Centrioles?
Structures that organize microtubules during cell division.
What are Cilia?
Short projections aiding movement in coordinated waves.
What are Flagella?
Longer projections aiding cell propulsion.
