cell structure and function Flashcards
What is the Glycocalyx?
A sugary (polysaccharide) substance on the very outside of cells, also referred to as a capsule and slime layer.
The term ‘glycocalyx’ means ‘sweet/sugar’ cup.
What is the primary function of the Cell Membrane?
It is made of phospholipids and proteins and is semi-permeable.
What are Flagella responsible for?
Movement of the cell.
Flagella are composed of flagellin and tubulin and can have different arrangements such as monotrichous and peritrichous.
What is an Axial Filament?
A structure found in spirochetes, also known as endoflagella.
What is the role of Fimbriae?
Helpful for attachment and forming biofilms.
What is the function of Pili?
Fembiriae.
What is Peptidoglycan?
A substance that provides structure to bacterial cell walls.
What is a Capsule in bacterial cells?
A type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.
What is an Endospore?
A survival mode for bacteria that is resistant to extreme conditions and ametabolic.
Where does protein synthesis occur?
In Ribosomes.
What is the function of Chloroplasts?
Light harvesting in plants and part of the endosymbiotic theory.
What is the primary role of Mitochondria?
ATP generation and part of the endosymbiotic theory.
What is Passive Transport?
Transport that does not require energy.
Define Diffusion.
The simple movement of molecules across a membrane following the concentration gradient.
What is Facilitated Diffusion?
Movement of molecules across a membrane through a protein channel.
What is Osmosis?
Movement of water following the concentration gradient.
What type of transport requires energy?
Active Transport.
What is Uniport?
Movement of one substance in one direction.
Define Antiport.
Movement of two different substances in two different directions.
What is Symport?
Movement of two substances in the same direction.
What is Group Translocation?
The process where a substance moving across the membrane is chemically modified at the same time.
