Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Starting with the Supramolecular Structures:

Ribosomes

Answer 1

Synthesize protein according to mRNA sequence. Free ribosomes make protein for use IN the cell.

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

Selectively permeable membrane allows the cell to maintain an internal environment different than its external environment.

Question 3

Cell Wall

Answer 3

Allows turgor pressure to develop and prevents cells from bursting (lysing). Structural boundary and permeability barrier for some substances.

Question 4

Next, the Double Membrane Bound Organelles:

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Specializes in energy transform–cellular respiration! Cristae increases surface area for ATP production.

Question 5

Chloroplast

Answer 5

Site of photosynthesis in algae and plants.

Question 6

Nucleus and nucleolus

Answer 6

Nuclear pores control movement in and out of the nucleus. Stores DNA. Nucleolus forms ribosomes.

Question 7

Vacuole

Answer 7

Stores water, solutes, toxins, and pigments. An alternative interior structure that can maintain conditions different than the cell cytosol.

Question 7

Rough ER

Answer 7

Membrane-bound ribosomes make, sequester, and fold proteins for export or transport out of the cell.

Question 7

Finally, the Endomembrane System!:

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Corrects folding and chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins and packaging for protein trafficking. Receives products from the ER. Extensive in cells that specialize in secretion.

Question 8

Smooth ER

Answer 8

Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons.

Question 8

Vesicle

Answer 8

Connects the endomembrane system. Comes off of the Golgi to transport materials throughout the cell.

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

Intracellular digestion, recycling of a cell’s organic materials, and programmed cell death.