cell structure and function Flashcards
is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
cell
-All living things are made up of cells.
-Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
-All cells come from pre - existing cells through cell division.
cell theory
-Genetic material (DNA) is passed on from one cell to another during cell division
-All cells have the same basic chemical composition
-Energy flow occurs within cells
mothern cell theory
2 types of cell
1.prokaryotic
2.eukaryotic
-Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
-Few internal structures
-One-celled organisms, Bacteria
prokaryotic
-Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
-Most living organisms
eukaryotic
-Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
-Double layer
cell membrane
-Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
-Supports & protects cells
cell wall
-Directs cell activities
-Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
-Contains genetic material - DNA
nucleus
-Surrounds nucleus
-Made of two layers
-Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus
nuclear membrane
-In nucleus
-Made of DNA
-Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
chromosomes
-Inside nucleus
-Contains RNA to build proteins
nucleolus
-Gel-like mixture
-Surrounded by cell membrane
-Contains hereditary material
cytoplasm
-Moves materials around in cell
-Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
-Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
endoplasmic reticulum
-Each cell contains thousands
-Make proteins
-Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell
ribosomes
-Produces energy through chemical reactions breaking down fats & carbohydrates
-Controls level of water and other materials in cell
-Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
mitochondria
-Protein ‘packaging plant’
-Move materials within the cell
-Move materials out of the cell
golgi bodies
-Digestive ‘plant’ for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
-Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
-Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
lysosome
-Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
-Contains water solution
-Help plants maintain shape
vacuoles
-Usually found in plant cells
-Contains green chlorophyll
-Where photosynthesis takes place
chloroplast
4 main types of cell
1.epithelial cells
2.nerve cells
3.muscle cells
4.connective tissue cells
They cover over the interior of hollow organs, like blood vessels or digestive organs, or else form the surface of things
epithelial cells
They send signals from the brain to muscles and glands that control their functions. They also receive sensory information from the skin, the eyes, and the ears, and send this information to the brain.
nerve cells
They pull and tug on bones and tendons to produce motion.
muscle cells
These cells provide structural strength to the body and also defend against foreign invaders like bacteria.
connective tissue cells
-repair
-growth
mitosis
what are the mitotic stages/phases
-prophase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase
-cytokinesis
it has 46 chromosomes and it can replicate
somatic/diploid
it has 23 chromosomes
gametes/haploid
-longest part of cell cycle
-it has 92 chromosomes
interphase
preperation of current chromosomes
gap 1
producing/replicate
synthesis
growth/maturation to be prepared on the mitotic stage or phase
gap 2
