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BIO215 > Cell structure and Function > Flashcards

Cell structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Golgi body or apparatus is also Called?

A

Dictyosome

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2
Q

The process of reproduction or formation of new cell from the pre-existing cells is referred to as?

A

Cell division

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3
Q

In Lower organism like bacteria division takes place by?

A

Fission of pre-existing cell

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4
Q

In Higher organism like eukaryotic there are Two type of cell division namely?

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

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5
Q

The process by which a cell nucleus divides to produce two daughter nuclei containing identical set of chromosomes to the parent is Called?

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

Two type of cell division are?

A

Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis

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7
Q

The sequence of events which occur between one cell division and the next is called?

A

Cell cycle

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8
Q

The period between successive cell division consisting of process associated with growth and preparation for mitosis is called?

A

Interphase

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9
Q

The period of DNA synthesis during interphase is called?

A

S phase or synthetic phase

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10
Q

The period between the beginning of interphase and that of DNA synthesis is called?

A

G 1 phase

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11
Q

During interphase each DNA molecule replicate an exact copy of itself?

True or false

A

True

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12
Q

The copying process in interphase produce a chromosome with two identical functional strand called?

A

Chromatid

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13
Q

Cooling and condensation of chromosomes takes place which make them visible at thread like structure at?

A

Prophase

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14
Q

Formation of spindle fibre takes place at?

A

Prophase

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15
Q

Formation of spindle fibre is completed and chromosomes is attached to spindle fibre at the point of centromere during?

A

Metaphase

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16
Q

Movement and arrangements of all chromosomes are on?

A

Equatorial plate

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17
Q

Chromosomes are clearly visible at?

A

Metaphase

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18
Q

The shortest phase of mitotic division is?

A

Anaphase

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19
Q

The Sister chromatid move go opposite pole at?

A

Anaphase

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20
Q

Chromosomes reach the opposite poles and spindles fibre begin to disintegrate at?

A

Telophase

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21
Q

The division of cytoplasm is called?

A

Cytokinesis

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22
Q

The stage normally followed by telophase in mitosis is called?

A

Cytokinesis

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22
Q

The stage normally followed by telophase in mitosis is called?

A

Cytokinesis

23
Q

Mention significant of mitosis?

A
  1. Genetics stability
    2.; Growth
  2. Cell formation
    4.;Cell replacement
  3. Asexual reproduction
23
Q

Mention significant of mitosis?

A
  1. Genetics stability
    2.; Growth
  2. Cell formation
    4.;Cell replacement
  3. Asexual reproduction
24
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

The process by which a cell nucleus divides to produce four daughter nuclei each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original nucleus or cell.

25
Q

Meiosis 1 is also called?

A

Reduction division

26
Q

Which stage Begins after the termination of chiasmata?

A

Diakinesis

27
Q

The brief period between the first and second meiotic division is called?

A

Interkinesis

28
Q

The interphase of meiotic 2 didn’t have S phase because?

A

Each chromosome already contain two chromatid

29
Q

The protein framework, which is found between paired chromosomes is called?

A

Synaptonemal complex

30
Q

What are the significance of meiosis?

A

It allows the maintain of the same sexual chromosomes number From generation to generation.

It all genetic variation through the process of independent assortment a s crossing over.

31
Q

Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early
embryo with how many cells?

A

32
2n
2^5 = 32

32
Q

If there are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there?

A

20/2 = 10

33
Q

Which is the longest of the mitotic stages?

A

Metaphase

34
Q

A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce
two nuclei each containing how many chromosomes?

A

46

35
Q

A cell containing 10 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce
two nuclei each containing how many chromosomes?

A

10.

Chromosomes divide two form two daughter cells called chromatid.

So

20 chromatid give 10 chromosomes.

And 20 Centromere give 20 chromosomes number

36
Q

Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal
cells?

A

Centromere

37
Q

If a cell has 8 chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will it have
during anaphase?

A

16

38
Q

The formation of a cell plate is beginning across the middle of a cell and nuclei are
re-forming at opposite ends of the cell. What kind of cell is this?

A

Plant cell undergoing Cytokinesis

39
Q

During which phases of mitosis are chromosomes composed of two chromatids?

A

From G2 phase of interphase to metaphase

40
Q

Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis?

A

to allow the chromosomes to move without becoming entangled and breaking

41
Q

Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase?

A

G0

42
Q

This is the shortest part of the cell cycle:

A

M phase

43
Q

Nerve and muscle cells are in this phase:

A

G0 because they are not dividing

44
Q

An enzyme that attaches a phosphate group to another molecule is called a

A

Kinase

45
Q

cyclins.

A

Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuations in
concentration during the cell cycle

46
Q

What is a genome?

A

The complete complement of an organismʹs genes

47
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized
according to size and shape

48
Q

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a
karyotype?

A

Metaphase

49
Q

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which
of the following?

A

) Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes

50
Q

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their
DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

A

They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.

51
Q

Chromatids are separated from each other

A

The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.

52
Q

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.

A

The statement is true for meiosis I only.

53
Q

Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred
to as cohesions. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?

A

They must be removed before anaphase can occur.

54
Q

How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?

A

By allowing independent assortment of chromosomes

55
Q

omologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during

A

meiosis I.

BIO215 (3 decks)

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