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GENERAL BIOLOGY > Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Smallest living unit
Most are microscopic

A

Cells

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2
Q

Cells are small for them to _____ _____

A

easily survive

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3
Q

Observe silver of cork
Saw “row of empty boxes”
Coined the term cell

A

Robert Hooke (mid-1600s)

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4
Q

“ All living things are made out of cells”

A

Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden

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5
Q

“ All cells come from cells “

A

Rudolf Virchow

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6
Q

Principles of Cell Theory

A

All living things are made of cells or All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Smallest or basic unit of life and function of all organisms is the cell
All cells arise from preexisting cells (thus principle discarded the idea of spontaneous generation)

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7
Q

Characteristics of All Cells

A

A surrounding membrane
Protoplasm - cell contents in thick fluid
Organelles - structures for cell function
Control center with DNA

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8
Q

First cell type on earth
Cell type of _____ and _____
No membrane bounding the nucleus
Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration
Organelles not bound by membranes

A

Prokaryotic cell; Bacteria and Archaea

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9
Q

Nucleus bound by membrane
Include ____, ______, _____, and _______ _____
Possess many organelles

A

fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells

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10
Q

Cellular machinery
Two general kinds
- _________
- _________

A

Organelles
Derived from membranes
Bacteria-like organelles

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11
Q

Derived from symbiotic bacteria
Ancient association

A

Bacteria-Like Organelles

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12
Q

Evolution of modern cells from cells & symbiotic bacteria

A

Endosymbiotic Theory

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13
Q

Contains cell contents
Double layer of __________ & ______

A

Cell Membrane; phospolipids and proteins

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14
Q

Polar
- Hydrophylic head
- Hydrophobic tail
Interacts with water

A

Phospholipids

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15
Q

A few molecules move freely Across the Plasma Membrane

A

Water, Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia, Oxygen

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16
Q

Carrier proteins transport some molecules

A

Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer
(Fluid Mosaic Model) describes fluid nature of a lipid bilayer with proteins

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17
Q

Move molecules in one direction

A

Channels or transporters

18
Q

Recognize certain chemicals

A

Receptors

19
Q

Identify cell type

A

Glycoproteins

20
Q

Catalyze production of substances

A

Enzymes

21
Q

Found in plants, fungi, and many protists
Surrounds plasma membrane

A

Cell Wall

22
Q

Cell Wall that is made up of mostly cellulose

A

Plants

23
Q

Cell Wall that contains chitin

A

Fungi

24
Q

Viscous fluid containing organelles
Fluid = _____

A

Cytoplasm; cytosol

25
Q

Filaments & fibers

A

Cytoskeleton

26
Q

Cytoskeleton is Made of 3 fiber types

A

Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments

27
Q

3 functions of cytoskeleton

A

Mechanical support
Anchor organelles
Help move substances

28
Q

Provide motility
Basal bodies like centrioles

A

Cilia & Flagella

29
Q

Short
Used to move substances outside human cells

A

Cilia

30
Q

Whip-like extensions
Found on sperm cells

A

Flagella

31
Q

Cilia & Flagella Structure

A

Bundles of microtubules
With plasma membrane

32
Q

Pairs of microtubular structures
Play a role in cell division

A

Centrioles

33
Q

Functional components with cytoplasm
Bound by membranes

A

Membranous Organelles

34
Q

Control center of the cell
Double membrane

A

Nucleus

35
Q

Nucleus contains ______ and _____

A

Chromosomes
Nucleolus

36
Q

Separates nucleus from the rest of the cell
Double membrane
Has pores

A

Nuclear Envelope

37
Q

Hereditary material
Chromosomes
- ____
- ________
- _____________
Chromatin

A

DNA; DNA, PROTEINS, FORM THE CELL DIVISION

38
Q

Most cells have 2 or more ________
Directs synthesis of RNA
Forms ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

39
Q

Helps move substances within cells
Network of interconnected membranes

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

40
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 tyoes

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

41
Q

Ribosomes attached to surface
- Manufacture proteins
- Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER
May modify proteins from ribosomes

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

42
Q

No attached ribosomes
Has enzymes that help build molecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

GENERAL BIOLOGY (6 decks)

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