Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
1
Q
Nucleus
A
- control center of the cell
- contains DNA and mRNA
2
Q
Nucleolus
A
region where ribosomal subunits (rRNA and proteins) are formed
3
Q
Rough ER
A
- ribosomes on the surface
- package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to Golgi, make replacement membrane
4
Q
Smooth ER
A
- no ribosomes on surface
- synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detox drugs and poisons, store calcium
5
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
- synthesize and packaging of materials for transport
- produce lysosomes
6
Q
Cis face (Golgi)
A
receives vesicles
7
Q
Trans face (Golgi)
A
ships vesicles
8
Q
Lysosomes
A
- intercellular digestion
- recycles cell’s materials
- programmed cell death (apoptosis)
9
Q
Vacuoles
A
- storage of materials (food, water, minerals, pigments, poisons)
10
Q
Plants: Large Central Vacuole
A
- stores water, ions
- retains water for turgor pressure
11
Q
Mitochondria
A
- source of cellular respiration
- generates ATP by utilizing the energy released during the oxidation of food we eat
12
Q
Cristae
A
- folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria
- contains enzymes for ATP production
13
Q
Chloroplasts
A
- site if photosynthesis
- contains chlorophylls for capturing sunlight energy
14
Q
Peroxisomes
A
- break down fatty acids
- detox alcohol
- involves production of hydrogen peroxide
15
Q
Cytoskeleton
A
- network of protein fibers
- support, motility, regulate biochemical activities
16
Q
What are the 3 types of cytoskeleton fibers?
A
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate Filaments
17
Q
Microtubules
A
- largest fibers
- shape/support the cell
- forms a spindle for mitosis/meiosis
18
Q
Microfilaments
A
- smallest fibers
- support the cell on a smaller scale
- cell movement
19
Q
Intermediate Filaments
A
- medium size
- permanent fixtures
- maintain shape of the cell
- fix position of organelles
20
Q
Centrosomes
A
region from which microtubules grow
21
Q
Centrioles
A
- barrel shaped
- organize microtubules
- determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell
22
Q
Flagella
A
- long a few
- enables movement
23
Q
Cilia
A
- short and numerous
- move water relative to the cell in a regular movement
24
Q
Plant: Cell wall
A
- protect the plant
- maintain the shape
- composed of cellulose
25
Plasmodesmata
channels between cells to allow the passage of molecules from cell to cell
26
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
- outside the plasma membrane of animal cells
- composed of glycoproteins
- strengthens tissues
- transmits external signals to the cell
27
What junctions allow cells to adhere to each other?
1. Tight Junctions
2. Desmosomes
3. Gap Junctions
28
Tight Junction
2 cells are fused to form a watertight seal
29
Desmosomes
“rivets” that fasten adjacent cells into strong sheets (like glue)
30
Gap Junctions
channels through which ions, sugar, and small molecules can pass