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Biology Cumulative Exam Study Guide > Cell Structure And Cell Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Cell Function Flashcards

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0
Q

Anton Von Leeuhwenhoek

A

Observed unicellular organisms in pond water for the first time

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1
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Looked at slices of cork

Deceived as chamber “cells”

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2
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
New cells are produced from existing cells

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3
Q

Schleiden

A

All plants are composed of cells

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4
Q

Schwann

A

All animals are composed of cells

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5
Q

Difference between animal and plant cells

A

Plant cells have cell walls, central vacuoles, and chloroplasts

Animals have small vacuoles and no cell walls or chloroplasts

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls most cellular processes

Contains nearly all of cell’s DNA

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

Assemble proteins

Free floating or attached to ER

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8
Q

Rough ER

A

Ribosomes on surface
Protein synthesis
That are chemically modified then released

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9
Q

Smooth ER

A

No ribosomes
Synthesis of membrane lipids (smooth)
Detoxification of drugs

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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER

Products stored or exported out cell

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11
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain enzymes that digest lipids, carbs, and proteins

Monomers reused by cell

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12
Q

Peroxisome

A

Contain enzymes that digest toxic substances

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13
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein filaments(micro tubules and micro filaments) that help the cell move and maintain its shape

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14
Q

Mitochondria

A

Convert chemical energy in to usable ATP
Site of cellular respiration
Inherited from mother

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15
Q

Vacuoles

A

Stores water, salts, proteins, and carbs

Large in plants for support

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16
Q

Vesicles

A

Small membrane surrounded structures used to transport molecules

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17
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Create and store usable energy through process of photosynthesis

18
Q

Cell wall

A

Provides cell with rigid structure

Made of cellulose and is porous

19
Q

Selectively permeable membrane

A

Only certain particles can diffuse

20
Q

What limits a cell’s size?

A

Surface area to volume ratio
Nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio
Fragility of cell
Mechanical structure

21
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells

Pro

A 
Pro: 
No nucleus-nucleoid contains DNA
Few organelles 
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Ribosomes 
Capsule
Cytoplasm
Pilli, cilia, and flagellum 
Small in size
22
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells

Eu

A

Nucleus
Many organelles
Large in size
Multicellular or unicellular

23
Q

Stem cells

A

Undifferentiated calls that have the potential to become any type of specialized cell

24
Q

Types of stem cells

A

Sperm-fertilizes egg, moving flagellum
Red blood cell-carries oxygen from lungs to tissues
White blood cells-immune system helps fight infection
Muscle cells- muscle movement lots of mitochondria
Nerve cells- send messages throughout body parts to brain long cells
Xylem- transports water and minerals one way movement
Phloem- transports sugar two way movement

25
Q

Stage and stage clip

A

Flat plate where the slides are placed for observation clips on

26
Q

Diaphragm

A

A five hole disc placed under the stage

27
Q

Objective

A

Lens closest to the object

28
Q

Eyepiece

A

Lens at the top of the microscope

You look into it

29
Q

Coarse and fine adjustment

A

C: the rough focus knob
F: used to fine tune the focus

30
Q

Light source

A

A lightbulb that provides the light for viewing the image

31
Q

Total magnification

A

Eyepiece times objective

32
Q

You move slide one way (left) which way will it move through eyepiece?

A

Moves opposite way (right)

Image is rotated 180degrees

33
Q

Advantages of using electron microscope over light microscope

A

Powerful magnification
Many applications
Possible to see three dimensional external shape
Higher resolution

34
Q

Coccus

A

Circular bacteria

35
Q

Bacillus

A

Rod shaped bacteria

36
Q

Spirilla

A

Spiral shaped bacteria

37
Q

Amoebas

A

Pseudopod

Contractile vacuole

38
Q

Paramecium

A

Cilia
Contractile vacuole
Two nuclei: macro nucleus and micro nucleus(metabolism and reproduction)

39
Q

Euglena

A

Contractile vacuoles
flagellum
Chloroplast
Eyespot

40
Q

Pseudopod

A

False foot for movement

41
Q

Contractile vacuole

A

For pumping water out when in a hypotonic environment

42
Q

Eyespot

A

For detecting light

Biology Cumulative Exam Study Guide (7 decks)

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