Cell Structure And Cell Function

Question 0

Anton Von Leeuhwenhoek

Answer 0

Observed unicellular organisms in pond water for the first time

Question 1

Robert Hooke

Answer 1

Looked at slices of cork

Deceived as chamber “cells”

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 3

Schleiden

Answer 3

All plants are composed of cells

Question 4

Schwann

Answer 4

All animals are composed of cells

Question 5

Difference between animal and plant cells

Answer 5

Plant cells have cell walls, central vacuoles, and chloroplasts

Animals have small vacuoles and no cell walls or chloroplasts

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Controls most cellular processes

Contains nearly all of cell’s DNA

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Assemble proteins

Free floating or attached to ER

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

Ribosomes on surface
Protein synthesis
That are chemically modified then released

Question 9

Smooth ER

Answer 9

No ribosomes
Synthesis of membrane lipids (smooth)
Detoxification of drugs

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER

Products stored or exported out cell

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Contain enzymes that digest lipids, carbs, and proteins

Monomers reused by cell

Question 12

Peroxisome

Answer 12

Contain enzymes that digest toxic substances

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

A network of protein filaments(micro tubules and micro filaments) that help the cell move and maintain its shape

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Convert chemical energy in to usable ATP
Site of cellular respiration
Inherited from mother

Question 15

Vacuoles

Answer 15

Stores water, salts, proteins, and carbs

Large in plants for support

Question 16

Vesicles

Answer 16

Small membrane surrounded structures used to transport molecules

Question 17

Chloroplasts

Answer 17

Create and store usable energy through process of photosynthesis

Question 18

Cell wall

Answer 18

Provides cell with rigid structure

Made of cellulose and is porous

Question 19

Selectively permeable membrane

Answer 19

Only certain particles can diffuse

Question 20

What limits a cell’s size?

Answer 20

Surface area to volume ratio
Nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio
Fragility of cell
Mechanical structure

Question 21

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells

Pro

Answer 21

Pro: 
No nucleus-nucleoid contains DNA
Few organelles 
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Ribosomes 
Capsule
Cytoplasm
Pilli, cilia, and flagellum 
Small in size

Question 22

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells

Eu

Answer 22

Nucleus
Many organelles
Large in size
Multicellular or unicellular

Question 23

Stem cells

Answer 23

Undifferentiated calls that have the potential to become any type of specialized cell

Question 24

Types of stem cells

Answer 24

Sperm-fertilizes egg, moving flagellum Red blood cell-carries oxygen from lungs to tissues White blood cells-immune system helps fight infection Muscle cells- muscle movement lots of mitochondria Nerve cells- send messages throughout body parts to brain long cells Xylem- transports water and minerals one way movement Phloem- transports sugar two way movement

Question 25

Stage and stage clip

Answer 25

Flat plate where the slides are placed for observation clips on

Question 26

Diaphragm

Answer 26

A five hole disc placed under the stage

Question 27

Objective

Answer 27

Lens closest to the object

Question 28

Eyepiece

Answer 28

Lens at the top of the microscope | You look into it

Question 29

Coarse and fine adjustment

Answer 29

C: the rough focus knob F: used to fine tune the focus

Question 30

Light source

Answer 30

A lightbulb that provides the light for viewing the image

Question 31

Total magnification

Answer 31

Eyepiece times objective

Question 32

You move slide one way (left) which way will it move through eyepiece?

Answer 32

Moves opposite way (right) | Image is rotated 180degrees

Question 33

Advantages of using electron microscope over light microscope

Answer 33

Powerful magnification Many applications Possible to see three dimensional external shape Higher resolution

Question 34

Coccus

Answer 34

Circular bacteria

Question 35

Bacillus

Answer 35

Rod shaped bacteria

Question 36

Spirilla

Answer 36

Spiral shaped bacteria

Question 37

Amoebas

Answer 37

Pseudopod | Contractile vacuole

Question 38

Paramecium

Answer 38

Cilia Contractile vacuole Two nuclei: macro nucleus and micro nucleus(metabolism and reproduction)

Question 39

Euglena

Answer 39

Contractile vacuoles flagellum Chloroplast Eyespot

Question 40

Pseudopod

Answer 40

False foot for movement

Question 41

Contractile vacuole

Answer 41

For pumping water out when in a hypotonic environment

Question 42

Eyespot

Answer 42

For detecting light