Cell Structure and Cell Division (1a)

Question 1

What does an animal cell have?

Answer 1

-Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
-Ribosomes
-Cell Membrane
-Mitochondria

Question 2

In which type of cell would you find a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole?

Answer 2

Plant

Question 3

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 3

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.

Question 4

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

A gel- like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions.

Question 5

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 5

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Question 6

What is made in the ribosomes?

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 7

An organism that is made up of eukaryotic cells.

Question 8

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 8

A complex cell, including all plant and animal cells.

Question 9

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 9

A cell that is smaller and simpler, e.g. bacteria

Question 10

What is a cell wall?

Answer 10

A rigid structure that is made of cellulose. It supports and strengthens the cell, found in plant cells. The cells of algae (e.g. seaweed) also have a rigid cell wall.

Question 11

What does a vacuole contain?

Answer 11

Cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.

Question 12

What process occurs in the chloroplasts?

Answer 12

Where photosynthesis takes place, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.

Question 13

What does a bacteria cell contain?

Answer 13

Cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. There is no true nucleus, just a single, circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm. May also contain one or more small rings of DNA (plasmids).

Question 14

Which part of and animal cell controls its activity?

Answer 14

The nucleus.

Question 15

Where do most of the chemical reactions take place in a cell?

Answer 15

Cytoplasm.

Question 16

What are mitochondria needed for in a cell?

Answer 16

Aerobic respiration.

Question 17

What is a plasmid?

Answer 17

A small ring of DNA.

Question 18

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 18

One that performs a specific function. Most cells in an organism are specialised. The structure helps it to carry out its function, so they can look very different.

Question 19

What is differentiation?

Answer 19

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job. As the cell changes, it will develop different subcellular structures, and turn into different types of cells.

Question 20

Most animal cells are able to differentiate multiple times. True or False?

Answer 20

false. most animal cells lose this ability after they become specialised

Question 21

Lots of plant cells are able to differentiate multiple times. True or False?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What type of animal cells are most commonly able to differentiate multiple times?

Answer 22

Mostly it is cells that are used for repairing and replacing cells, e.g. skin or blood cells.

Question 23

How are sperm cells’ structure related to its function?

Answer 23

-Function is to get male DNA to female DNA
-Long tail and a streamlined head to help it ‘swim’ to the egg.
-Lots of mitochondria in the cell to provide energy.
-Carries enzymes within the ‘head’ to digest through the egg cell membrane

Question 24

How are nerve cells adapted to their function?

Answer 24

-Long, covering a larger distance, for rapid signalling
-Branched connection at the ends to connect to other nerve cells

Question 25

How are muscle cells adapted to their function?

Answer 25

-Long, so they have space to contract
-Contain lots of mitochondria to transfer energy needed for contraction

Question 26

How are root hair cells adapted to their function?

Answer 26

-Grow into long ‘hairs’ that stick out into the soil, giving the plant a large surface area to absorb water and mineral ions in the soil.

Question 27

What is stored in chromosomes?

Answer 27

Genetic material (the instructions needed to grow and develop). There are a large number of genes carried in each chromosome.

Question 28

How many copies of each chromosome do body cells normally have and where do these each come from?

Answer 28

There are normally two copies of each chromosome: one from the organism’s ‘mother’ and one from its ‘father’.

Question 29

How many chromosomes are there normally in a human cell?

Answer 29

23 pairs

Question 30

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 30

In long lengths of DNA, which is then coiled up to form the ‘arms’ of the chromosome.

Question 31

Where are cell chromosomes found?

Answer 31

In the nucleus of a cell.

Question 32

What is mitosis?

Answer 32

When a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two identical offspring.

Question 33

What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for?

Answer 33

To grow and develop, or replace cells that have been damaged.

Question 34

How many times does a body cell divide during mitosis?

Answer 34

Two times

Question 35

What is binary fission?

Answer 35

When a prokaryotic cell reproduces, similar to mitosis in eukaryotic cells