cell structure

Question 1

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Answer 1

To calculate magnification: size of object / size of real object. You must ensure the units for both measurements are the same.

Question 2

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Answer 2

Cell fractionation is the process of breaking down a cell and extracting the organelles.

Question 3

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Answer 3

The nuclei is the heaviest organelle and separated out at a centrifuge speed of 1000 revolutions min^-1.

Question 4

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Answer 4

An advantage of a scanning electron microscope is that it can be used to create a 3D image.

Question 5

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Answer 5

A nucleus is made of a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores, a nucleoplasm and a nucleolus.

Question 6

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Answer 6

A mitochondria contains extensions of the inner membrane known as cristae and the mitochondrial matrix where the proteins, enzymes, ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA are found.

Question 7

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Answer 7

In chloroplasts, chlorophyll molecules are found in the thylakoids.

Question 8

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Answer 8

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA and ribosomes.

Question 9

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Answer 9

Rough endoplasmic reticulum provide a large surface area for synthesis of proteins and provide a pathway for transport of materials through the cell.

Question 10

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Answer 10

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates.

Question 11

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Answer 11

The gogli apparatus synthesise glycoproteins, produce enzymes, modify and store lipids and transport materials out of the cell by packing them in vesicles.

Question 12

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Answer 12

lysosomes are particularly abundant in phagocytic cells due to their role in hydrolysing ingested material.

Question 13

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Answer 13

Ribosomes are made out of two subunits; one large, one small; both contain ribosomal RNA and protein.

Question 14

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Answer 14

The cell wall of a plant is made of cellulose, whereas in a fungus it is made of chitin and in a prokaryotic cell it is made of murein.

Question 15

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Answer 15

A cell undergoing prophase will have visible chromosomes because they have condensed that will be made of two chromatids connected at the centromere.

Question 16

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Answer 16

In metaphase the chromosomes will be lined up along the equator, attached to spindle fibres.

Question 17

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Answer 17

During anaphase the sister chromatids are pulled apart and pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 18

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Answer 18

During telophase the chromosomes became i distinct and a nuclear envelope reforms.

Question 19

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Answer 19

A diploid cell contains both chromosomes from each homologous pair whereas a haploid cell only contains one chromosome from each homologous pair.

Question 20

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Answer 20

Prior to prophase a cell will contain the diploid number of chromosomes but double the mass of DNA compared to the daughter cell produced at the end of mitosis.