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Y1 - BBC1 > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the nucleus

A

Divided into:
Nucleolus - Site of rRNA synthesis
Nuclear envelope - Filaments (Lamin) next to inner nuclear membrane

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2
Q

What is the endomembrane system?

A

Many closed membranes, either continuous with eachother / communicating via vesicles

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3
Q

What are the different components of the system?

A

Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi app, Transport vesicles, Lysosomes, Vacuoles

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4
Q

What are the functions of the endomembrane system?

A

Control protein folding/movement
Reactions - Modify proteins, synthesise lipids
Control harmful reaction - Lysosomal digestion

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5
Q

Describe the functions of SER

A

Lipid synthesis, Detoxification (Liver), Ca storage (Muscle)

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6
Q

Describe the functions of RER

A

Synthesis of secretory proteins, Protein modification, Membrane synthesis

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7
Q

Describe the functions of golgi apparatus

A

Further secreted proteins processing
Sorts proteins, directs localisation
Vesicles allow communication
Lysosome formation

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8
Q

Describe lysosomes

A

Membranous sacs with digestive enzymes (hydrolases)

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9
Q

Describe the functions of digestive enzymes

A

Digests material via > Phagocytosis (bacteria), Endocytosis (receptor bound substance), Autophagy (recycling organelles)

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10
Q

Describe the plasma membrane

A

Not part of endomembrane system yet communicates with it

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11
Q

Describe the functions of the plasma membrane

A

Vital in exocytosis

New plasma membranes made from ER

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12
Q

Describe where vacuoles are found and its functions

A

In plant (mainly)/animal cells > For storage fluid nutrients, waste products

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13
Q

Describe mitochondria and its functions

A 
Double membrane bound organelle with own DNA, Tiny but visible via LM
Forms ATP (chemical energy source)
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14
Q

What are the 4 ways cells adhere to their neighbours?

A

Tight junctions, Adherens junctions, Gap junctions, Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes

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15
Q

Describe tight junctions

A

Connected areas of plasma membrane btw cells, stitch cells together

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16
Q

Describe adherens junctions

A

Actin filaments of neighbouring cells join together

17
Q

Describe gap junctions

A

Many channels form tunnels of aqueous connectivity btw cells > Eg Many in cardiac muscle to allow ions to diffuse for MC

18
Q

Describe desmosomes

A

Stronger connections join intermediate filaments of neighbouring cells

19
Q

Describe hemidesmosomes

A

Anchor intermediate filaments of cell to basal lamina

Y1 - BBC1 (17 decks)

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