Cell Structure

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

Simple, single celled organelles with no membrane vound organelles

Question 2

Eukaryotes

Answer 2

Complex organelles, much more complex than prokaryotes, containing membrane bound organelles.

Question 3

The nucleus

Answer 3

Transcription takes place her, contains all of a cells gentic info and produces mRNA and tRNA. Responsible for creation of ribosomes.

Question 4

The nuclear envelope

Answer 4

Double membrane, between 40-70nm. Coated in pores and ribosomes. Adds a layer of potection to th nucleus.

Question 5

The nucleolus

Answer 5

Condensed area of chromatin.

Question 6

The mitochndria

Answer 6

Site of aerobic respiration and produces ATP. A double membrane that forms the cristae and matrix, containing ring DNA.

Question 7

Chloroplasts

Answer 7

Site of photosynthesis, double membrane folded into stacks.

Question 8

RER

Answer 8

Syntheis of protiens.

Question 9

SER

Answer 9

Synthesise, transport and store lipids/carbs.

Question 10

Golgi

Answer 10

Produces lysosomes.

Process and package protiens.

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Hydrolyse ingested material.

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

Smaller in prokaryotes, made of two subunits for protien synthesis.

Question 13

Cell Wall

Answer 13

Made by cellulose in plants, other polysaccharides in prokaryotes. Provides mechanical strength and keeps the cell turgid.

Question 14

Vacuole

Answer 14

Makes the cell turgid

Question 15

Production of Protiens

Answer 15

Nucleus
RER
Golgi Apparatus
Plasma Membrane

Question 16

Light Microscope

Answer 16

Wavelength of 400-700nm
Glass lens, objective and eyepiece.
Living specimin
Max resolution of 200nm and max magnificationof x1000 or x1500
2D coloured images.

Question 17

TEM & SEM

Answer 17

Wavelength of 0.005nm
Electromagnetic lens
Dead specimin
Max res of 1nm (TEM) and 10nm(SEM) 
Max mag of x250,000(TEM) and 1x10^5(SEM)
3D b+w images.

Question 18

Magnification =

Answer 18

image /actual

Question 19

Cytosol

Answer 19

the aqueous proportion of the cytoplasm where reactions take place. Messenger molecules diffuse through.

Question 20

Microtubules

Answer 20

globular proteins that form scaffold like structure which determines the shape of the cell. They lengthen/shorten by adding or subtracting tubulin.

Question 21

Microfilaments

Answer 21

contracting fibres made up of actin. Responsible for movement (cytokinesis).