cell structure (7.1) Flashcards
what is the cell membrane and its function?
is a semi-permeable membrane made of phospholipids in the bi-layer.
FUNCTION - keeps content of cell together by separating the interior from the outside environment. It also regulates the entry and exit of substances using diffusion and active transport.
define the nucleus and its components (and functions).
the nucleus controls the cells activities by transmitting genetic information across the cell. The nucleus also contains the chromosomes used for making RNA.
It is surrounded by a nucleur envelope which allows materials (Proteins + RNA) to leave/enter the nucleus using pores.
Contains the nucleus, which builds protein using RNA.
What are Ribosomes and their function?
Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and Rough ER.
It is where protein is made from amino acids.
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) and its function?
The Rough ER is a network of membranes in form of channels or canals.
It transports the protein made by the ribosomes (protein synthesis) to the other parts of the cells.
What is the Smooth ER?
Another network of membranes as well as the Rough ER which creates membrane lipids.
What is the Golgi apparatus and its function?
Is a membranous sac near the nucleus.
It sorts and modifies protein and lipids from the Endoplasmic Reticulum into vesicles to be exported out or to other parts of the cell using the cell membrane.
Define the Mitrochondria
It creates energy for the cell called Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP), which is also called cellular respiration.
Define the cytoplasm
Is a fluid that contains the organelles of the cell.
Define Lysosomes
Oval structures that contain a number of enzymes that digest worn out organelles.
Can also be made into smaller particles to be passed out of the cell as waste products.
Define Chromosomes
Chromosomes are made of DNA and found in the nucleus. They contain instructions for traits and characteristics.
Define Centrioles.
Two rod shaped bodies near the nucleus that are involved in cell division.
Define Microvilli
Projections of cell membrane which increases surface area for more absorption and secretion.
