Cell Structure Flashcards
Define magnification
How much bigger an image appears compared with the original object
Define resolution
The ability to distinguish between two separate points
Max magnification and resolution of a light microscope
2000x magnification
Resolution of 200nm
Max magnification and resolution of an electron microscope
200,000x magnification
Resolution of >1nm
How to prepare slides
Differential staining to see separate structures
Very thin slices
Smudging
Nucleus
Contains DNA
RER/ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Mitochondria
Aerobic respiration to produce ATP
SER
Lipid synthesis
Golgi apparatus
Modifies and packages proteins
Plasma membrane
Controls exchange
Vesicles
Transport ions
Chloroplasts (plants only)
Photosynthesis
Vacuole (plants only)
Contains cell sap
Cell wall (plants only)
Maintains structure
Tonoplast membrane (plants only)
Surrounds vacuole and controls exchange
What do microtubules do?
Gives cell structural shape
Acts as tracks for movement of organelles
What do microfilaments do?
Allow cell movement
Cytokinesis in cell division
What do prokaryotes have?
Naked DNA No membrane bound organelles Smaller No nucleus Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria
Making and secreting a protein sequence
mRNA copy of the gene for insulin made in nucleus
mRNA leaves nucleus through a nuclear pore
mRNA attaches to a ribosome which reads the instructions to assemble the protein
Insulin molecules are ‘pinched off’ in vesicles and travel towards Golgi apparatus
Vesicle fuses with Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus processes and packages insulin molecules ready for release
Packaged insulin molecules are ‘pinched off’ in vesicles from Golgi apparatus and mice towards plasma membrane
Vesicles fuse with plasma membrane
Plasma membrane opens to release insulin molecules outside
