Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell structure & microscopes > cell structure > Flashcards

cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

Which organelles are in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

A

Cell wall
vacuole (permanent with cell sap)
chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the plasma membrane.

A

it is the membrane on the surface of animal cell but inside the cell wall of plant and prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A
  • It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
  • has receptor molecules which allow it to respond to chemicals such as hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the cell wall

A
  • a rigid structure that surrounds plant cells

- it is mainly made of cellulose (carbohydrate) or chitin (also carbohydrate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

supports plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe lysosomes

A
  • round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
  • contains digestive enzymes
  • membrane separates organelle content from cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

digests invading cells or breaks down work out cell components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe ribosomes

A

small organelle that floats freely in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the SER

A

sheet like membranes enclosing a fluid filled space throughout the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the SER?

A

synthesis and processes lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the RER

A
  • sheet like membranes enclosing fluid filled space throughout the cell
  • surface covered with ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the RER?

A

folds and processes proteins made at the ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the nucleus

A
  • large organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope

- nucleus contains nucleolus and chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • controls genetic material

- controls cell activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe chromatin

A

made up of proteins and DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of chromatin?

A

controls cell activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of nuclear pores?

A

allow large molecules like mRNA to exit the nucleus

19
Q

Describe the nuclear envelope

A

a double membrane surrounding the nucleus with pores

20
Q

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

A

controls the entry and exit of materials from the nucleus

21
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

synthesis ribosomes

22
Q

Describe vesicles

A

small fluid-filled sacs in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane

23
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A

transports materials in and out of the cell via cell surface membrane where fusion happens.

  • During fusion contents are released out of the membrane by exocytosis
  • when contents are taken in from the membrane, it is called endocytosis
24
Q

Describe the Golgi Apparatus

A

an organelle that contains membrane-bound, flattened sacs with surrounding vesicles

25
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

processes, modifies and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles
- also makes lysosomes

26
Q

Describe the mitochondria

A

oval shaped organelle with a double membrane

27
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A
  • involved in aerobic respiration
  • responsible for the production of ATP molecules which carry energy
  • outer membrane controls the flow of materials in and out of the mitochondria
28
Q

Describe the cristae

A

extensions of the inner membrane in mitochondria

29
Q

What is the function of cristae?

A

increase the surface area for the attachment of enzymes

30
Q

Describe the matrix

A

fluid filled space in the middle of the mitochondria

- contains lipids, trace DNA and enzymes for respiration

31
Q

Describe centrioles

A
  • small, hollow cylinders of microtubules

- in all animal cells and some plant cells

32
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A

involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division

33
Q

Describe the cilia

A

small, hair-like structures on the plasma membrane of some animal cells

34
Q

Describe the chloroplast

A
  • small, flattened structure with stacks of membranes (thylakoid membranes)
  • surrounded by double membrane
35
Q

What is the function of chloroplast?

A
  • site of photosynthesis
  • some parts happen in grana (stacks of thylakoid membranes)
  • some parts happen in the stroma (thick fluid found in chloroplasts)
36
Q

What are the 4 functions of cytoskeleton?

A
  • microtubules and microfilaments support the cells organelles keeping them in their positions
  • helps strengthen the cell and maintain its shape
  • responsible for the transport of organelles and materials within the cell
  • proteins in a cytoskeleton also cause the cell to move e.g. propel forward
37
Q

Describe a microtubule

A

a tiny protein cylinder

38
Q

Describe a microfilament

A

a very thin protein strand

39
Q

Describe prokaryotes

A

single-celled organisms with no nucleus or few/no membrane bound organelles

40
Q

Describe eukaryotes

A

they have cells with a nucleus and many membrane bound organelles

41
Q

What are the features of a prokaryote

A
  • extremely small in size
  • circular DNA
  • no nucleus
  • few/no membrane bound organelles
  • cell wall of a polysaccharide
  • 70s ribosomes
  • flagella of flagellin
42
Q

What are the features of an eukaryote

A
  • large cells
  • linear DNA
  • nucleus present
  • many membrane bound organelles
  • cellulose cell wall in plants and chitin cell wall in fungi
  • 80s ribosomes
  • flagella of microtubules
43
Q

Briefly explain protein synthesis

A
  • mRNA leaves nucleus and either travels to the ribosomes attached to RER or floats freely in cytoplasm
  • ribosomes on RER produce proteins which are folded processed and packaged into vesicles to the Golgi
  • Golgi modifies the proteins which are then packaged in vesicles
  • vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane via exocytosis to release contents outside cell or are inserted into the membrane

Cell structure & microscopes (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions