Cell structure (2) Flashcards
What does the nucleus consist of
- Nuclear envelope
- Nuclear pores
- Nucleoplasm
- Chromosomes
- Nucleolus
What is a chromosome
Protein bound, linear DNA
What occurs in the nucleolus
rRNA production
3 functions of the nucleus
- site of DNA replication
- Site of transcription
- Contains genetic code
Similarity between RER and SER
Both have folded membranes called cisternae
Difference between RER and SER
RER has ribosomes on outside, SER doesn’t
What’s the function of RER
Site of protein synthesis
Function of SER
Site of lipid and carbohydrate synthesis
What does the golgi apparatus consist of
Folded membranes making cisternae
Vesicles
What is the function of the golgi apparatus
- Site of production of enzymes or carbs
- Transport and store lipds
What is a lysosome
Bag of digestive enzymes (can be up to 50 different ones)
3 functions of lysosomes
- Hydrolyse phagocytic cells
- Break down dead cells
- Exocytosis (release of enzymes to the outside of the cell)
What happens at the mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production
Structure of mitochondria
- Double membrane
- Fluid in the centre (called matrix)
- Loop of mitochondrial DNA
What is the inner mitochondrial membrane called
Cristae
What occurs at the cristae
Oxidative phosphorylation
Why are ribosomes found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
They aren’t membrane bound
What do ribosomes consist of
- rRNA
- Proteins
Difference in ribosome size between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
80s in eukaryotic, 70s in prokaryotic
Structure of the vacuole
Filled with fluid surrounded by membrane called tonoplast
What does the vacuole do
Helps make the cell turgid and provides suppport
What happens at the chloroplast
Photosynthesis
3 things in chloroplast
- Double membrane
- Thylakoid membrane
- Stroma (fluid surrounding thylakoid)
What are stacks of thylakoid membranes called
Granum/Grana
