cell structure

Question 1

What is cell division?

Answer 1

the process where a cell splits into two or more new cells. how organisms grow, repair damage, and reproduce.

Question 2

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (like mitochondria).
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus; they have no membrane bound organelles. Example: bacteria.

Question 3

Define differentiation.

Answer 3

when a cell changes to become a different type of cell with a specific function e.g stem to muscle

Question 4

What is specialisation?

Answer 4

when cells develop features that allow them to do a specific job well (e.g RBCs carrying oxygen).

Question 5

State the equation used to find the magnification of a microscope.

Answer 5

Total Magnification = Objective Power x Eyepiece Power

Question 6

List 3 aseptic techniques.

Answer 6

1. Sterilising equipment before use (e.g., using a flame).
2. Working near a flame to create an updraft that keeps bacteria away.
3. Keeping lids on petri dishes to prevent contamination.

Question 7

Compare electronic microscopes to light microscopes.

Answer 7

1. Electron microscopes use electrons, higher magnification and resolution, and can see smaller structures (like viruses).
2. Light microscopes use light, lower magnification and resolution, but are cheaper, easier to use, and can observe living cells.

Question 8

What is binary fission?

Answer 8

Binary fission is how prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) divide — the cell replicates its DNA and splits into two identical cells.

Question 9

Why are petri dishes incubated at 25 degrees Celsius?

Answer 9

Petri dishes are incubated at 25°C to reduce the risk of growing harmful bacteria that grow better at higher temperatures.