Cell Structure Flashcards by Caleb Condon

What does the Acronym ‘MRS GREM’ relate to?

Functions of the cell:
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Metabolism.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is ‘Metabolism’?

Chemical reactions that occur in the body.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is ‘Catabolism’?

Breakdown of substances into simple forms
E.g., carbohydrates into glucose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is ‘Anabolism’?

Chemical activities that make new products (usually proteins for growth and repair)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the ‘organelle’ of the cell that is called the ‘powerhouse’?

Mitochondrion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the smallest unit of matter that can live independently and reproduce?

A cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List as many organelles of a ‘typical’ cell…

Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER & SER)
Vacuoles/vessicles
Ribosomes
Lysosomes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the role of the Mitochondrion?

Energy production.
Folds of the Cristae provides surface area for cellular respiration.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Active cells such as muscle, liver and kidney have large amounts of…

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the best essential elements for maintaining life?

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An atom is…

A unit of matter that comprises a chemical element. Smallest particle of an element.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a ‘molecule’?

Chemical combination of two or more atoms.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the essential molecules for the body?

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins & minerals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a ‘compound’?

A molecule with at least 2 different elements.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an organic compound?

A compound that contains Carbon and Hydrogen. Found in most living things.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an inorganic compound?

Most do not contain Carbon, Hydrogen, or Oxygen. Found in non-living things.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the name for the study of cells and tissues called?

Histology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Protoplasm?

Jelly-like substance. 70% water + organic/inorganic salts, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, compounds of all above.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define ‘diffusion’

Movement of small molecules (O2 & CO2) through the pores of a membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the structure of the Cell Membrane?

Semi-permeable membrane made of protein threads and lipids.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

Keep nucleus and cytoplasm in the cell.
To let other substances filter through, leaving and entering the cell.

What are the ways substances/molecules can pass through the cell membrane?

Osmosis, Diffusion, Active Transport, Filtration, Dissolution

What is the process of Osmosis?

Transferring of water across the membrane by osmotic pressure.

Concentration or pressure of one side is greater, water passes through to equal the concentration.

When both sides of the membrane have solutions of equal pressure, what is this called?

Isotonic pressure

What is the process of Dissolution?

Fatty substances are too big to diffuse through membranes pore’s, so they dissolve into fatty or lipid part of membrane.

What is the process of Active Transport?

When substances are too large to pass directly through the membrane, or are insoluble in fat. Carrier substances take them from outside membrane to inside.

Why is it called active transport?

It is active as energy is used to transfer this way.

How are Glucose and Amino acids transferred in/out of cell membrane?

Via Active transport

What is the process of Filtration?

Movement of water or soluble substances across the membrane caused by differences in pressure either side of the membrane.

The force of a fluid’s weight pushes against a surface and the fluid is moved across the membrane. What is being described?

Hydrostatic pressure.

What is the Cytoplasm?

Protoplasm inside the cell but outside the Nucleus.

What is the role of the Ribosome?

Produce enzymes and protein compounds. Proteins used for growth and repair in the cell.

Which organelle does the ‘circulatory system’ of a cell refer to?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes are present…

Attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and freely moving in the Cytoplasm

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Transports proteins made by Ribosomes throughout the cell.

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Lipid and steroid production.

Lysosomes are synthesised in what organelle?

Golgi Apparatus

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Communication network from deep within cell to the membrane. Site of Lysosome synthesis.

What is the function of Lysosomes?

Contain digestive enzymes that destroy worn out parts of cell and bacteria. Break down food to be used for energy transfer in cell.

What is the function of Vacuoles?

Spaces within cytoplasm. Contain waste materials or secretions. Used for storage or digestion.

What are Centrioles?

Paired, rod-like organelles. Made of fine tubules that play an important role in Mitosis.

What is the Centrosome?

Dense area of Cytoplasm containing the Centrioles.

What is the largest organelle of the cell?

Nucleus

The function of the Nucleus is…

Controls processes of growth, repair, and reproduction.

What is enclosed by the Nuclear Membrane?

Nucleoli, Chromatin, and Nucleoplasm

What is the function of the Nucleolus?

Small body within Nucleus that controls the formation of ribosomes

What is Chromatin?

Loosely coiled strands of DNA.

What are Chromosomes?

Consist of two chromatids, each comprising of one DNA molecule, held together by a Centromere. Human cells have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent sex cell.

Each species is determined by the…

Number of Chromosomes in the Nucleus.

What is the Nucleoplasm?

Specialised Protoplasm, in which Nucleoli and chromatin/chromosomes are suspended along with nutrients.