Cell Structure Flashcards
learn cell structures for prokaryotes and eukaryotes
All Cells Contain…
Plasma Membrane,
Genetic Material,
Ribosomes,
Cytoplasm and Cytosol
What are Atypical Cells
Cells that deviate from the typical cell blueprint of patterns, structures and forms.
Name 4 Atypical Cells
Striated Muscle Cells,
Sieve Tube Elements,
Aseptate Fungal Hyphae, Red Blood Cells
What makes Striated Muscle Cells Atypical?
Multiple nuclei,
Fusing units together by the plasma membrane,
long cells
What makes Sieve Tube Elements Atypical?
No nuclei (helpful for their structure) but they have a companion cell which thinks for them,
Connected by plasmodesmata channels making them one large cell
What makes Aseptate Fungal Hyphae Atypical?
Multiple nuclei,
No separation so one continuous cytoplasm
What makes Red Blood Cells Atypical?
No nucleus (concave shape),
No genetic material,
Cannot replicate into daughter cells must be produced from bone marrow
Which 2 Kingdoms are Prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria,
Archaea (organisms in extreme environments)
Which 4 Kingdoms are Eukaryotic cells?
Animal,
Plant,
Fungi,
Protist (an organism which in none of the above - usually unicellular)
Name the Key Components of a Prokaryotic Cell (7)
Nucleoid (looped naked DNA)
Plasmids (additional DNA molecules)
Ribosomes (70)
Cell Wall
Slime Capsule coating (Glycocalyx)
Pili (attatched to cell wall)
Flagella (attatched to cell wall)
Name the Key Components of a Eukaryotic Cell (3)
Double Membrane-bound Nucleus containing Genetic Material.
Ribosomes (80)
Membrane-bound organelles eg. Mitochondria, ER
Name the cell components Eukaryotic cells have that Prokaryotic cells do not (7)
Nucleus,
Mitochondria,
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER),
Golgi apparatus,
Vesicles,
Lysosomes,
Chloroplasts
Name cell components that both Euk and Prok cells have
Cell membrane,
Cytoplasm,
Ribosomes (70 and 80),
What is the function of a Cell Wall?
Rigid to keep the cell’s shape
What is the function of the Cell Membrane?
To control what enters and exits the cell
What is the function of Cytoplasm?
Holds and protects the components of the cell
What is the function of Pili?
To help the cell stick to other cells
What is the function of a Plasmid?
Additional DNA which can be exchanged via Bacterial Conjugation
What is the function of Flagella?
Help it move through it’s environment
What is the function of Ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What is the function of the Glycocalyx? (slime capsule)
Additional External Support
What is the function of the Nucleoid?
Contains Genetic Material
What is the function of Mitochondria?
Creating ATP and transforming nutrients into usable energy
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Proteins recieved from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport of their destinations
What is the function of the Nucleus?
Contains Genetic Material
What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Calcium storage, lipid metabolism, and protein synthesis (rough has Ribosomes on it)
What is the function of Vesicles and Lysosomes?
Transport necessary materials and recycle waste materials - Lysosomes contains digestive enzymes to break stuff down
What is the function of a Chloroplast?
Transforms sunlight and CO2 into glucose and oxygen.
