Cell Structure Flashcards
2.1
What is the function of the nucleus?
It is the site of DNA replication and transcription.
Contains the genetic code for each cell.
What is the nucleolus?
Small sphere inside the nucleus which is the site of rRNA production and makes ribosomes.
What is the nuclear envelope?
Double membrane that contains nuclear pores which allow molecules to enter and leave the nucleus
What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?
Synthesis proteins
What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?
Synthesis lipids and carbohydrates
What is the structure of the Endoplasmic reticulum?
Both have a folded membrane called the cisternae
What does the RER have that the SER doesn’t?
RER contains ribosomes on the cisternae
What is the structure of the Golgi Apparatus?
Contains cisternae, contains secretary vesicles that pinch off from the cisternae
What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus?
Add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins.
packages and modifies proteins and lipids.
What are the functions of lysosomes?
Digests worn out organelles
Break down dead cells
What is the structure of lysosomes?
Bag of digestive enzymes. Contains a single membrane.
What is the name of the fluid inside the mitochondria?
Mitochondrial matrix
Is the mitochondria double membraned or single membraned?
It is double membraned.
What is the name of the inner membrane?
Cristae
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
It is the site of aerobic respiration
Site of ATP production
DNA to code for enzymes needed in respiration.
What is the size of ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?
80S - relatively large
What is the size of ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells?
70S - smaller.
What is the structure of ribosomes?
contains two subunits of proteins and rRNA
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
What is the membrane that surrounds the vacuole?
Tonoplast which is a single membrane.
What is the function of the vacuole?
Maintain water potential, provide cell structure and contains cell sap
What is the structure of chloroplasts?
Double membrane filled with thylakoids which stack up to form a granum.
What is the name of the fluid in chloroplasts? and what is the function?
Stroma, and it contains enzymes for photosynthesis.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis.
What are plant cell walls made of?
Made of microfibrils of cellulose polymer - B glucose.
what are fungi cell walls made of?
Made of chitin, nitrogen containing polysaccharide.
What is the structure of Plasma Membrane
Contains a phospholipid bilayer with glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of the membrane.
What is the function of the cell wall?
to provide structural strength to the cell.
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Controls the entrance and exit of molecules.
What are the components of the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments
Intermediate fibers
Microtubules
What is the function of microfilaments?
Involved in cell movements. Control cell division
What is the function of intermediate fibers?
Strengthening of cells
What are the functions of microtubules
involved in the movements of organelles. Form spindle fibers involved in movement of chromosomes.
Determine shape of cells.
