Cell Structure

Question 1

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 1

Any cells that contains a clearly identifiable nucleus.

Question 2

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 2

any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of internal membranes.

Question 3

Cells

Answer 3

smallest units from which all organisms are made

Question 4

Explain the difference between a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism, giving one example of each.

Question 5

Cell Membrane

Answer 5

Very thin layer of PROTEIN and FAT that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, it controls what enters and leaves the cell. It is partially permeable.

Question 6

Why is a cell membrane difficult to see in a plant cell ?

Answer 6

Because it is pressed up against the cell wall.

Question 7

Cell Wall

Answer 7

only found in PLANT CELLS, it is made mostly of cellulose and it has a very rigid and firm structure. It is fully permeable because of the large spaces between FIBRES.

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Cytoplasm is a jelly like substance which fills the cell and holds everything in place. It is mostly water. many METABOLIC REACTIONS happen in the cytoplasm and it contains a lot of proteins.

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

A fluid filled space contained by its own membrane. In plant cells, vacuoles are filled with a solution of sugars and other substances called cell SAP.

Question 10

What are the vacuoles in animal cells called and what do they do ?

Answer 10

vesicles that contain solutions, they are quite small compared to permanent vacuoles in plant cells.

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

The nucleus is a structure containing DNA in the form of CHROMOSOMES. The information carried in nuclei determines the types of proteins produced.

Question 12

Chloroplasts

Answer 12

Small structures found in most plant cells in which photosynthesis takes place. They contain green pigment called CHLOROPHYLL.

Question 13

Starch Grains

Answer 13

A substance found in chloroplasts which consist of thousands of starch molecules.

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Mitochondria are smaller than other organelles and cannot be seen under the microscope. AEROBIC RESPIRATION releases ENERGY from glucose. MUSCLE CELLS are packed full of mitochondria as they need a lot of energy to contract and extend.

Question 15

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 15

Chemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria which use oxygen to break down glucose and other nutrient molecules to release energy for the cell to use.

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

Organelles that use DNA from the nucleus to produce protein molecules. They are formed by long chains of AMINO ACID

Question 17

Name the part of a cell which has each of these functions:
A makes proteins
B contains the information for which proteins to make
C photosynthesis
D prevents the cell bursting when it takes up water
E stores a solution of sugars and other solutes
F controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Answer 17

A - Ribosomes
B - Nucleus
C - Chloroplast
D - Cell Wall
E - Vacuole
F - Cell Membrane

Question 18

Bacterial Cells

Answer 18

Cell wall is made from PEPTIDOGLYCAN, they have circular DNA and plasmids.

Question 19

Bacteria

Answer 19

Unicellular organisms whose cells do not contain a nucleus.