Cell Structure

Question 1

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

-no nucleus
-unicellular
-no membrane bound organelle
-0.1-5.0 micrometers

Question 2

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

-contains nucleus
-membrane bound organelle
10-100 micrometers

Question 3

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 3

-Seperates contents of nucleus from the rest of the cell
- fuses with inner nuclear membranes in some regions to allow ribosomes + dissolved substances through

Question 4

Function of nucleolus

Answer 4

Where ribosomes are made

Question 5

Function of nucleus

Answer 5

-control centre of cell
-stores organisms genome
-transmits genetic info and stores instructions for protein synthesis

Question 6

Function of rough er

Answer 6

-series of flattened sacs
-Provides large SA for ribosomes
-folds and processes proteins

Question 7

Function of smooth er

Answer 7

-System of membrane bound sacs
-contains enzymes that catalyses reactions involving lipids- produces and processes

Question 8

Function of golgi apparatus

Answer 8

-fluid filled, flattened and curved sacs
-processes and packages proteins and lipids
-produces enzymes

Question 9

Function of mitochondria

Answer 9

-oval shaped, bound by double membrane called the envelope
-inner membrane folded- called cristae with matrix on inside
-contains all enzymes needed for respiration

Question 10

Function of centrioles

Answer 10

-hollow cylinders
-contains a ring of microtubules arranged at right angles to eachother
-involved in cell division

Question 11

Functions of ribosomes

Answer 11

-composed of two subunits
-site of protein synthesis

Question 12

Function of lysosomes

Answer 12

-vesicle containing digestive enzymes bound by a single membrane

Question 13

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 13

-site of chloroplasts- converts solar energy to chemical energy

Question 14

Function of vacuole

Answer 14

Filled with water and solutes to help maintain cell stability

Question 15

Cell wall

Answer 15

-strong
-prevents cell from bursring when turgid

Question 16

What is the bacteria cell wall made of?

Answer 16

Peptidoglycan

Question 17

What is the capsule in prokayotic cells?

Answer 17

Protective slimy layer which helps the cell retain moisture and adhere to surfaces

Question 18

What are plasmids?

Answer 18

Circular pieces of dna which float around the bacteria

Question 19

What is the flagellum?

Answer 19

Tail like structure which rotates to move the cell

Question 20

What are pili?

Answer 20

Hair-like structuree which attach to other bacteria cells

Question 21

Name the 3 main components of the cytoskeleton in order of smallest to largest diameter

Answer 21

-microfilaments
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules

Question 22

Functions of microfilaments

Answer 22

-made of actin
-contract (help move cell or divide during cytokinesis)
-used for support and mechanical strength
-used for cell movement to keep cell shape stable

Question 23

Function of intermidiate filaments

Answer 23

-made of a number of dif proteins
-strengthens cell and stabilises tissue
-anchors nucleus within cytoplasm

Question 24

Functions of microtubules

Answer 24

-made of tubulin
-move organelle around cell
-form spindle fibres for mitosis & meiosis
-complex network determines complex shape of cell
-form track motor proteins use to move organelle

Question 25

Draw and anotate a animal cell, plant cell and bacterium cell

Answer 25

-correct annotations and structures