Animal And Planty Physiology Flashcards
Name all the structural features of an animal cell?
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Name all the structural features of a plant cell?
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Call wall
Chloroplasts
Permanent vacuole
Name the structural features that are in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Permanent vacuole
True or false, bacteria aren’t single-celled organisms?
False
Name the structural features of a bacterial cell?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Circular loop of DNA
Plasmid
What are the cell walls of plants cells made of?
Cellulose
What are the cell walls of bacteria made of?
Peptidoglycan
What do structural features do bacterial cells lack that plant and animal cells have?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts - only for plant cells
Name two functions of the cell membrane?
Separators the cell contents form the external environment
Controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell - through diffusion and active transport
Name two functions of the cytoplasm?
Substance in which chemical reactions occurs
Provides structural support to the cell
Name a function of the nucleus?
Contains the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA
Name a function of the ribosomes?
Site of protein production/ protein synthesis
Name a functions of the mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy
Name a function of a cellulose cell wall?
Provides structural support to the cell in plant cells.
Name the function of chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll and absorbs light for photosynthesis.
Name two funtions of a permanent vacuole?
Contains cell’s sap - solutions of sugars and salts dissolved in water
Provides additional structural support to cell and full of sap
Name a function of circular DNA in bacteria?
Contains genetic material of the cell
Why does a bacteria cell not contain a nucleus?
Bacteria cells do not contain internal membranes.
Name two functions of plasmids?
Carry a small number of genes
Can pass from one cell to another
Names a function of the Peptidoglycan cell wall?
Provides structural support to cell, giving bacterial cells their shape.
What are specialized cells?
Specialized cells are cells that are adapted to carry out a specific function
Name three specialized cells in animals?
Ciliated cell - movement of mucus
Nerve cell - conductions of impulses
Red blood cells - transport of oxygen
Sperm cell - reproduction
Egg Cell - reproduction
Name the adaptations of a nerve cell?
Long so can run from different part so of the body to the central nervous system.
Has extensions and branches so is able to communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands
Name the adaptations of red blood cells?
Biconcave disc shape increases surface area for more efficient diffusion of oxygen
Contains hemoglobin which joins with oxygen
Contains no nucleus so increases the amount of slice available in the cell for haemoglobin
Name the adaptations of a sperm cell?
The head contains the genetic material to fuse with the egg in a haploid nucleus
The Acrosome in the head contains a digestive enzyme so the sperm cell can more easily penetrate an egg
Name the adaptations of a sperm cell?
The head contains the genetic material to fuse with the egg in a haploid nucleus
The Acrosome in the head contains a digestive enzyme so the sperm cell can more easily penetrate an egg
The tail enables the sperm to swim
Name the adaptations of an egg cell?
Contains a lot of cytoplasm which has nutrients for three growth of the early embryo
Haploid nucleus contains the genetic material for fertilization
Cell membrane changes after fertilization by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter
Name three specialized cells in plant cells?
Root hair cells - absorption of water and mineral ions from soil
Xylem vessel - conductions of water through the plant; structural support of the plant
Palisade mesophyll cell - photosynthesis
Name the adaptations of a Root Hair cell?
Increases surface area of cell to ensure maximum absorption of water the mineral ions
Thin wall in ensure quick movement of water
No chloroplasts as not exposed to light
Name the adaptations of a xylem vessel?
No top and bottom wall meaning there is a continuous column for water running through.
Cells are dead, without organelles allowing the free passage of water.
Walls become thickened with lignin, providing structural support for the plant.
Name the adaptations of a palisade mesophyll cell?
Column shaped to maximize the absorption of sunlight and to fit as many cells in a lay under the upper epidermis
Contains many chloroplasts for maximize photosynthesis
What is the magnification formula?
Magnification = image size decided by actual size
