Cell Structure

Question 1

Name all the structural features of an animal cell?

Answer 1

Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

Question 2

Name all the structural features of a plant cell?

Answer 2

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Call wall
Chloroplasts
Permanent vacuole

Question 3

Name the structural features that are in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

Answer 3

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Permanent vacuole

Question 4

True or false, bacteria aren’t single-celled organisms?

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Name the structural features of a bacterial cell?

Answer 5

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Circular loop of DNA
Plasmid

Question 6

What are the cell walls of plants cells made of?

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

What are the cell walls of bacteria made of?

Answer 7

Peptidoglycan

Question 8

What do structural features do bacterial cells lack that plant and animal cells have?

Answer 8

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts - only for plant cells

Question 9

Name two functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 9

Separators the cell contents form the external environment
Controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell - through diffusion and active transport

Question 10

Name two functions of the cytoplasm?

Answer 10

Substance in which chemical reactions occurs
Provides structural support to the cell

Question 11

Name a function of the nucleus?

Answer 11

Contains the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA

Question 12

Name a function of the ribosomes?

Answer 12

Site of protein production/ protein synthesis

Question 13

Name a functions of the mitochondria?

Answer 13

Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy

Question 14

Name a function of a cellulose cell wall?

Answer 14

Provides structural support to the cell in plant cells.

Question 15

Name the function of chloroplasts

Answer 15

Contain chlorophyll and absorbs light for photosynthesis.

Question 16

Name two funtions of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 16

Contains cell’s sap - solutions of sugars and salts dissolved in water
Provides additional structural support to cell and full of sap

Question 17

Name a function of circular DNA in bacteria?

Answer 17

Contains genetic material of the cell

Question 18

Why does a bacteria cell not contain a nucleus?

Answer 18

Bacteria cells do not contain internal membranes.

Question 19

Name two functions of plasmids?

Answer 19

Carry a small number of genes
Can pass from one cell to another

Question 20

Names a function of the Peptidoglycan cell wall?

Answer 20

Provides structural support to cell, giving bacterial cells their shape.

Question 21

What are specialized cells?

Answer 21

Specialized cells are cells that are adapted to carry out a specific function

Question 22

Name three specialized cells in animals?

Answer 22

Ciliated cell - movement of mucus
Nerve cell - conductions of impulses
Red blood cells - transport of oxygen
Sperm cell - reproduction
Egg Cell - reproduction

Question 23

Name the adaptations of a nerve cell?

Answer 23

Long so can run from different part so of the body to the central nervous system.
Has extensions and branches so is able to communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands

Question 24

Name the adaptations of red blood cells?

Answer 24

Biconcave disc shape increases surface area for more efficient diffusion of oxygen
Contains hemoglobin which joins with oxygen
Contains no nucleus so increases the amount of slice available in the cell for haemoglobin

Question 25

Name the adaptations of a sperm cell?

Answer 25

The head contains the genetic material to fuse with the egg in a haploid nucleus
The Acrosome in the head contains a digestive enzyme so the sperm cell can more easily penetrate an egg

Question 26

Name the adaptations of a sperm cell?

Answer 26

The head contains the genetic material to fuse with the egg in a haploid nucleus
The Acrosome in the head contains a digestive enzyme so the sperm cell can more easily penetrate an egg
The tail enables the sperm to swim

Question 27

Name the adaptations of an egg cell?

Answer 27

Contains a lot of cytoplasm which has nutrients for three growth of the early embryo
Haploid nucleus contains the genetic material for fertilization
Cell membrane changes after fertilization by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter

Question 28

Name three specialized cells in plant cells?

Answer 28

Root hair cells - absorption of water and mineral ions from soil
Xylem vessel - conductions of water through the plant; structural support of the plant
Palisade mesophyll cell - photosynthesis

Question 29

Name the adaptations of a Root Hair cell?

Answer 29

Increases surface area of cell to ensure maximum absorption of water the mineral ions
Thin wall in ensure quick movement of water
No chloroplasts as not exposed to light

Question 30

Name the adaptations of a xylem vessel?

Answer 30

No top and bottom wall meaning there is a continuous column for water running through.
Cells are dead, without organelles allowing the free passage of water.
Walls become thickened with lignin, providing structural support for the plant.

Question 31

Name the adaptations of a palisade mesophyll cell?

Answer 31

Column shaped to maximize the absorption of sunlight and to fit as many cells in a lay under the upper epidermis
Contains many chloroplasts for maximize photosynthesis

Question 32

What is the magnification formula?

Answer 32

Magnification = image size decided by actual size