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AS level biology AQA > Cell structure > Flashcards

Cell structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cell-surface membrane?

A

Membrane on surface of animal cells. Inside of cell walls in other cells.
Mainly made of lipids and proteins

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell-surface membrane?

A

Regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell

Has receptor molecules, allows it to respond to chemicals like hormones

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3
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Large organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane) containing many pores

Contains chromosomes made from protein-bound linear DNA and or more nucleoli

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4
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls cell’s activities (controls transcription of DNA)

DNA contains instructions to make proteins

Pores allow substance to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

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5
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Oval-shaped and had a double membrane - inner one folded to form structures called cristae

Inside is the matrix - contains enzymes involved in respiration

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6
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced

Found in very active cells that require lots of energy

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7
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

Found in plant cells

Surrounded by double membrane

Contains thylakoid membranes - stacked up in some parts to form grana

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8
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Site of photosynthesis. Some parts happen in the grana, some in the stroma (thick fluid)

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9
Q

What is a golgi apparatus?

A

Group of fluid filled membrane-bound flattened sacs

Vesicles seen at edges of the sacs

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10
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins. Also makes lysosomes

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11
Q

What is the function of a golgi vesicle?

A

Stores lipids and proteins made by golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell (via cell-surface membrane)

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12
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Releases hydrolytic enzymes - digests invading cells or breaks down worn out cell components

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13
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis

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14
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

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15
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesises and processes lipids

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16
Q

What is the vacuole in plant cells?

A

Membrane-bound

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugars and salts

Surrounding membrane called tonoplast

17
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Maintains pressure inside plants cells and keeps them rigid. Prevents wilting

Involved in isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell

AS level biology AQA (3 decks)

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