cell structure Flashcards
1
Q
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A
- contains membrane enclosed organelles
- have DNA in the firm of chromosomes in the nucleus
2
Q
What is in the nucleus
A
- nuclear envelope
- nuclear pores
- chromatin
- nucleolus
3
Q
What is the role of the nucleus
A
- largest organelle
- contains DNA, and genetic material
- instructions for cellular processes
- has hereditary information
4
Q
What is the nuclear envelope?
A
- double membrane
- protects the content of nucleus from damage in the cytoplasm
5
Q
What is the nuclear pores?
A
- allows substances to enter and leave the cell
- mainly allows RNA out bc DNA is too big as well as enzymes and ribosomes
6
Q
What are chromatin?
A
- DNA wrapped around histones (proteins) which then condense to make chromosomes
7
Q
What is the nucleolus
A
- area in Nucleus responsible for making ribosomes
- composed of proteins and RNA
8
Q
What is the endoplasmic reticulum
A
- made of a network of flattened sacs called cisternae
- makes proteins, calcium storage, lipid metabolism, synthesis of carbs and lipids
9
Q
What is the rough ER
A
- main site of protein synthesis
- lined with ribosomes => cause its roughness
10
Q
What is the smooth ER
A
- responsible for synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids
- detoxification of drugs and toxins
- synthesises lipids such as cholesterol and phospholipids
11
Q
What is the mitochondria
A
- the site of aerobic respiration and produces ATP
- has a double membrane and contains own DNA
- Inner membrane folds to form cristae => increases SA => more resp
- releases energy
- contains DNA and ribosomes for replication
12
Q
What is ATP?
A
adenosine triphosphate
- stores and releases energy for cellular processes through cellular respiration
13
Q
What is the cell membrane made of?
A
- also known as the plasma membrane
- made of lipids and proteins and is formed by phospholipid belayer
- it is partially permeable and controls what enters and leaves the cell
- role in cell signalling = cells detect signals from other cells
14
Q
What is the golgi apparatus?
A
- made of cisternae (flattened membranous sacs)
- modifies and processes and packages proteins to be transported
15
Q
What are Golgi vesicles
A
- small membrane bound sacs, bud off Golgi apparatus
- transport proteins and lipids to places within the cell or to cell membrane to be secreted