Cell Structure + Mulitcellular And Unicellular

Question 1

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 1

It’s a singular prokaryotic cell– a single called organism

Question 2

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 2

Organism made up of eukaryotic cells

Question 3

Define what a eukaryotic cell is?

Answer 3

A cell containing a nucleus. Examples include plant and animal cells

Question 4

What is a prokaryotic cell like?

Answer 4

A cell without a nucleus, smaller than a eukaryotic cell. E.g. bacterium

Question 5

Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain various cell parts. What is the name for those parts

Answer 5

Sub-cellular structures

Question 6

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 6

It contains genetic material, controls activities of a cell

Question 7

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

It’s a gel like substance where most chemical reactions happen, contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions

Question 8

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 8

Holds the cells together and controls what goes in and out

Question 9

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 9

They’re the site of aerobic respiration. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.

Question 10

What is the function of the ribosome?

Answer 10

These are where proteins are made in the cell

Question 11

What three things do plant cells have that animal cells don’t have?

Answer 11

Cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts

Question 12

What three things do plant cells have that animal cells don’t have?

Answer 12

Cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts

Question 13

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 13

It’s rigid structure made of cellulose. It supports and strengthens the cell

Question 14

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 14

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 15

What’s the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 15

Site of photosynthesis, makes food for plants. Contains green substances called chlorophyll– absorbs light needed for photosynthesis

Question 16

Bacterium are prokaryotic. What do they have differently to animal and plant cells and what do they have similar?

Answer 16

Similar: plant wall, ribosomes, cytoplasm
Difference: has plasmids and circular strand of DNA

Question 17

What are plasmids?

Answer 17

Plasmids are small rings of DNA. Bacteria may contain one or more

Question 18

What do bacteria have in replacement for a nucleus?

Answer 18

A singular strand of DNA. It moves freely in the cytoplasm.

Question 19

Define a multicellular organism

Answer 19

An organism made up of several/multiple cells

Question 20

What is a unicellular organism?

Answer 20

An organism made up of one cell only

Question 21

Are prokaryotes and eukaryotes related to unicellular and multicellular organism?

Answer 21

You’re most likely to find that eukaryotes are found in multicellular organisms yet prokaryotes are unicellular (e.g. bacteria)

Question 22

List an example of a multicellular organism

Answer 22

Humans, cats, dogs, plants

Question 23

List three examples of unicellular organisms

Answer 23

Amoeba, paramecium, euglena

Question 24

How do unicellular adapt to live with only one cell? Use the three examples listed before; mention feeding, movement and how they cope in living conditions (6)

Answer 24

Amoeba: moves and feeds with their pseudopods (extending and retracting it). They can alter their shape to swallow up prey. No cell wall to lend them free movement. Most have contractile vacuoles to be able to live in hypotonic conditions.
Paramecium: movement is cause by little hairs all around the cell called cilia. Used to propel them forward + backwards. Feeds using their cilia to sweep the prey along with water into oral groove and into the cell. Also has contractile vacuole cause they live in hypotonic conditions.
Euglena: they actually feed of photosynthesis when they have a sufficient supply of sunlight available to them. But otherwise they feed off peptone, acetate, ethanol, or carbohydrates. They use they flagellum to move around.