Cell Structure

Question 1

RER ( rough endoplasmic reticulum )

Answer 1

• systems of membrane continuous with the nucleus which contain ribosome on surface to synthesis proteins
• proteins are folded/processed/transported inside the RER
• packages proteins into vesicles for transport ( e.g to Golgi apparatus)

Question 2

SER

Answer 2

• synthesis and processes lipids e.g cholesterol and steroid hormones

Question 3

SER

Answer 3

• synthesis and processes lipids e.g cholesterol and steroid hormones

Question 4

Golgi

Answer 4

• Modifies/processes proteins from the rER and packages them into Golgi vesicles
• e.g protein + carbohydrate=> glycoproteins
• produces lysosomes (a type of Golgi vesicle )
• Golgi vesicles transports proteins/lipids to their required destination e.g to the cell membrane

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

• surrounded by phospholipid bilayer
• contains lysozymes/hydrolytic enzymes which breakdown/ hydrolyse pathogens
• or worm out cell components

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

• site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP for energy release
• outter membrane
• inner membrane
• cristae which are the inner membrane folds
• matrix containing small 70s ribosomes and circular DNA

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

• contain chlorophyll which Absorb light energy for photosynthesis to produce organic substances
• surrounded by a double membrane
• grana : stacks of thylakoids
• thylakoid contains chlorophyll
• stroma contains :
• 70s ribosomes
• circular DNA
• starch granules/lipid droplets