Cell Structure Flashcards
1
Q
What does the nucleus consist of?
A
- nuclear envelope: double membrane
- nuclear pores
- nucleoplasm: granular, jelly-like material
- chromosomes: protein-bound, linear DNA
- nucleolus: site of rRNA production + makes ribosomes
2
Q
What is the function of the nucleus?
A
- site of DNA replication + transcription (making mRNA)
- contains genetic code for each cell
3
Q
What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A
- Rough + smooth ER both have folded membranes called cisternae
- rough have ribosomes in the cisternae
4
Q
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A
- RER: site of protein synthesis
- SER: synthesis + store lipids + carbohydrates
5
Q
What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus + vesicles?
A
- folded membranes making cisternae
- secretary vesicles pinch off from cisternae
6
Q
What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus + vesicles?
A
- add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins
- produce secretory enzymes
- secrete carbohydrates
- transport, modify + store lipids
- form lysosomes
7
Q
What are prokaryotes?
A
8
Q
What are eukaryotes?
A
9
Q
What are all the organelles?
A
- nucleus
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi apparatus
- lysosome
- ribosome
- mitochondria
- chloroplast
- vacuole
10
Q
What is the structure of the cell surface membrane?
A
- phospholipid bilayer
- has proteins embedded in it
11
Q
What is the role of the cell surface membrane?
A
- controls the exchange of materials between the internal + external envi.
- partially permeable
12
Q
What is the role of the cell wall?
A
- offers structural support to cell
13
Q
What is the structure of the nucleus?
A
- surrounded by the nuclear envelope (a double membrane) which had nuclear pores (channels allowing mRNA + ribosomes to leave, + enzymes + signalling molecules to enter)
- ## contains chromatin (DNA wrapped around proteins called histones)
