Cell Structure Flashcards
What sub-cellular structures are in an animal cell ?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
What is a nucleus?
Controls activities of the cell and contains genetic material
What is a cytoplasm?
Where most chemical reactions take place
What is a cell membrane?
Controls passage of substances into and out of cell
What is a mitochondria?
Where aerobic respiration takes place
What is a ribosome?
Where proteins are synthesised
What sub-cellular structures are in plant cells ?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
What is a cell wall?
Made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell
What is a permanent vacuole?
Filled with cell sap, which supports the plant
What are chloroplasts and why do plants have them?
Plants need to make their own food, so some of their cells contain chloroplasts which absorb light to make food ( glucose ) by photosynthesis
What are the two main types of cells ?
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material enclosed in nucleus
Prokaryotic cells DO NOT contain their genetic material in nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller
What are eukaryotic cells?
Plant cells
Animal cells
Fungal cells
What are prokaryotic cells ?
Bacteria cells
Where is genetic material in prokaryotic cells ?
In a single DNA loop + there maybe one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
What are the mitochondria and chloroplasts roles taken over by in a bacteria cell?
Cytoplasm
What is meant by flagella?
There may be one or more flagella, which are tail-like structures that move the bacterium
What is meant by plasmid DNA?
A small, commonly circular, section of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. Plasmids also allow bacteria cells to move genes from one cell to another
What is different about the cell wall of a bacteria cell?
Is not made up of cellulose
What is meant by chromosomal DNA?
The DNA of bacteria is not found within a nucleus and is usually found as one long, looped chromosome
