Cell structure Flashcards
Eukaryotic cells info
Have a cell membrane
Cytoplasm and genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus.
Animal and plant cells are Eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells info
These are smaller than eukaryotic cells.
The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus.
The DNA is a single loop and there may be one or more rings of DNA called plasmids
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
Animal cells
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Plant cells
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts
Bacterial cell
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Plasmid DNA rings
bacterial DNA loop
Nucleus
Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell
Cytoplasm
Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes
Cell membrane
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Mitochondria
Most energy is released by respiration here
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis happens here
Cell wall
Strengthens the cell – made of cellulose (not bacteria) (algal cells also have a cell wall)
Chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll, absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
Permanent vacuole
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid
Bacterial DNA
Loop of DNA NOT found in a nucleus
Plasmid (DNA)
Small ring of DNA often used as a vector in genetic modification
