Cell Structure Flashcards
What are animals made up of?
Cells
Are animals eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Name 5 components of a generalized animal cell.
Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, microconidium, cell membrane
Explain the cell structure of cytoplasm and explain how its related to its function.
A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.
Explain the cell structure of nucleus and explain how its related to its function.
Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.
Explain the cell structure of cell membrane and explain how its related to its function.
It is permeable to some substances but not to others and so controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Explain the cell structure of mitochondria and explain how its related to its function.
Organelles that contains the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.
Explain the cell structure of ribosomes and explain how its related to its function.
Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.
What are plants made up of?
Cells
Are animal cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Name the components of a generalised plant cell.
Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, vacuole, mitochondrion, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast.
What structures do animal and plant cells have in common?
The nucleus, cell membrane,
mitochondria and ribosomes
Explain the cell structure of chloroplast and explain how its related to its function.
Organelle that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
Explain the cell structure of cell walls and explain how its related to its function.
Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cell walls are made from cellulose.
Explain the cell structure of permanent vacuoles and explain how its related to its function.
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell swollen.
Can animal cells have vacuoles?
Yes, but these are small and temporary
Are all bacteria single celled?
Yes.
Are bacterial cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
What makes a prokaryotic cell different?
No nucleus or any other structures that are surrounded by membranes.
Name the components of a generalised bacterial cell.
Chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, flagellum (not always present), cell membrane and cell wall.
What components do animal and plant cells share with bacterial cells?
Cytoplasm and cell membrane.
Explain the structure of chromosomal DNA and how its related to its function.
The DNA of bacterial cells is found loose in the cytoplasm. It is called chromosomal DNA and is not contained within a nucleus.
Explain the structure of plasmid DNA and how its related to its function.
Bacteria also have small, closed-circles of DNA called plasmids present in their cytoplasm. Unlike the chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA can move from one bacterium to another giving variation.
Explain the structure of flagella and how its related to its function.
Bacteria can have one or more flagella (singular: flagellum). These can rotate or move in a whip-like motion to move the bacterium.
