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Gen Bio > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All cells share four common components:

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes

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2
Q

Acts as the boundary between the outside and inside of a cell.

The integrity and function of the plasma membrane are vital to a cell because this membrane acts much like a gatekeeper, regulating the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

A

Plasma Membrane

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3
Q

the phospholipids are at the surfaces of the membrane

A

Polar heads

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4
Q

make up the interior of the membrane.

A

Non-polar tails

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5
Q

A semifluid interior, where chemical reactions occur.

Dense gelatinous solution of sugars, amino acids, & salts

Serves as solvent for materials used in all cell functions

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

Geneticmaterial of all cellular organisms and most viruses.

Made out of sugars (deoxyribose), phosphates and nitrogen bases

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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7
Q

DNA carries the information needed to direct ___

A

Protein synthesis and DNA replication

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8
Q

Is a complex molecule made of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins that form a factory for the protein synthesis in cells.

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

Who discovered that small particles in the cytoplasm that preferentially associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

A

George E. Palade in 1955

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10
Q

rotates 360o
1-2 or many distributed over entire cell
functions in motility

A

Flagella

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11
Q

A part of flagella that is long, thin, helical structure composed of proteins

A

Filament

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11
Q

A part of flagella that is curved sheath

A

Hook

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12
Q

A part of flagella that is stack of rings firmly anchored in cell wall

A

Basal Body

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13
Q

single flagellum at one end

A

Monotrichous

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14
Q

small bunches arising from one end of cell

A

Lophotrichous

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15
Q

flagella at both ends of cell

A

Amphitrichous

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16
Q

flagella dispersed over surface of cell, slowest

A

Peritrichous

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17
Q

fine hairlike bristles from the cell surface

function in adhesion to other cells and surfaces

A

Fimbriae

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18
Q

rigid tubular structure made of pilin protein

Functions
joins bacterial cells for DNA transfer (conjugation)
adhesion

A

Pili

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19
Q

Coating of molecules external to the cell wall, made of sugars and/or proteins

functions:
attachment
inhibits killing by white blood cells
receptor

A

Glycocalyx

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20
Q

Type of glycocalyx that is highly organized, tightly attached

A

Capsule

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21
Q

Type of glycocalyx that is loosely organized and attached

A

Slime layer

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22
Q

Peptidoglycan

provides strong, flexible support to keep bacteria from bursting or collapsing because of changes in osmotic pressure

A

Cell Wall

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23
Q

single, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that contains all the genetic information required by a cell

A

Chromosome

24
Q

DNA is tightly coiled around a protein, aggregated in a dense area called the

A

Nucleoid

25
Q

may encode antibiotic resistance, tolerance to toxic metals, enzymes & toxins

A

Plasmids

26
Q

– intercellular layer composed of pectin. Pectin is a viscous and gelatinous substance which acts as a cementing material to hold the cells together.

A

Middle Lamella

27
Q

consists mainly of bundles of intertwined molecules of cellulose, cutin and waxes

A

Primary wall

28
Q

produced and deposited between the primary wall and the protoplast after cell enlargement ceases and is composed mainly of cellulose and lignin. Lignin is a complex material responsible for hardness and decay-resisting qualities of many woods.

A

Secondary wall

29
Q

Protoplasmic connections which aid in the movement of materials from one cell to another

microscopic channels which traverse the cell walls of plant cells enabling transport and communication between them

A

Plasmodesmata

30
Q

Essential in food making and storage of food

A

Plastids

31
Q

young plastids capable of dividing, usually colorless

A

Proplastid

32
Q

colored plastids containing red, yellow or orange pigments

A

Chromoplastids

33
Q

contain the green pigment chlorophyll

A

Chloroplastids

34
Q

colorless plastid and usually functions for storage

A

Leucoplastids

35
Q

stores starch

A

Amyloplastid

36
Q

stores oil

A

Elaioplastid

37
Q

stores protein

A

Aleuroneplastid

38
Q

evaginations or projections, microscopic cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area of cells, and are involved in a wide variety of functions, including absorption and secretion

A

Microvilli

39
Q

small indentations in the plasma membrane

A

Caveolae

40
Q

help to organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division.

A

Centrioles

41
Q

transport system of the cell

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

42
Q

– has attached ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis

A

Rough ER

43
Q

– involved in synthesis and breakdown of lipid and carbohydrate

A

Smooth ER

44
Q

Folded inner membrane of Mitochondrion called

A

Cristae

44
Q

-powerhouse of the cell
-sites of cellular respiration, the metabolic process that generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels with the help of oxygen.

A

Mitochondrion

45
Q

also called dictyosome, modifies, packages and distributes molecules made at one location of the cell and used at another.

A

Golgi Bodies

46
Q

– small membrane-bordered structures that contain chemicals and enzymes necessary for digesting certain materials in the cell.

-They are formed in the Golgi bodies. They are known as suicidal bags for they can destroy cell structures that have outlived their usefulness

A

Lysosomes

47
Q

-composed of a variety of filaments and fibers that support cell structure and drive cell movement.

-Helps cell maintain cell shape

A

Cytoskeleton

48
Q

contain long thin cylindrical fibrils that provide support for cell shape and help move organelles through the cell and during cell division.

A

Microtubules

49
Q

contains actin for movement and support of the cell. They also permit movement of the cytoplasm within the cell called cytoplasmic streaming

A

Microfilament

50
Q

store materials like water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates

A

Vacuoles

51
Q

control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

52
Q

-Surrounds nucleus
-Also called nuclear envelope

A

Nuclear Membrane

53
Q

The liquid inside the nucleus
-Also called Karyoplasm

A

Nucleoplasm

54
Q

Produces ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

55
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

56
Q

They also permit movement of the cytoplasm within the cell called

A

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Gen Bio (2 decks)

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