Cell Structure Flashcards
Use of an eye piece graticule
to make measurement of any cells or other structures viewed with the microscope on that magnification.
the preparation and examination of microscope slides for use in light microscopy
the use of microscopy to observe and investigate different types of cell and cell structure in a range of eukaryotic organisms
Use of stage micrometer
To calibrate an eyepiece reticle when making measurements with a microscope.
what is the use of staining in light microscopy
Stains such as acetic orcein enhance the contrast in the microscopic image so they are more easier to see.
the representation of cell structure as seen under the light microscope using drawings and annotated diagrams of whole cells or cells in sections of tissue
Magnification formula
Magnification = size of image/size of real object
the difference between magnification and resolution
Magnification is the ability to make small objects seem larger, such as making a microscopic organism visible. Resolution is the ability to distinguish two objects from each other.
the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells and the functions of the different cellular components
Nucleus function and structure
surrounded by a double membrane called the envelope containing pores which enable molecules to enter and leave the nucleus. The nucleus also contains chromatin and a nucleolus which is the site of ribosome production
Nucleolus structure and function
dense area of nucleus where rRNA is synthesized
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) structure and function
A series of flattened sacs enclosed by a membrane with ribosomes on the surface. RER folds and processes proteins made on the ribosomes.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) structure and function
A system of membrane bound sacs. SER produces and processes lipids.
Nuclear envelope structure and function
Separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus.
Golgi apparatus structure and function
A series of fluid filled, flattened & curved sacs with vesicles surrounding the edges. Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins and lipids. It also produces lysosomes.
Ribosomes structure and function
Composed of two sub units and are the site of protein production
Mitochondria structure and function
Oval shaped, bound by a double membrane called the envelope. The inner membrane is folded to form projections called cristae with matrix on the inside containing all the enzymes needed for respiration.
Lysosomes structure and function
A vesicle containing digestive enzymes bound by a single membrane
Chloroplasts structure and function
Contains chlorophyll which functions by trapping the solar energy and is used for the synthesis of food in all green plants.
Plasma membrane / Cell surface membrane structure and function
Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. The cell membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
Centrioles structure and function
Hollow cylinders containing a ring of microtubules arranged at right angles to each other. Centrioles are involved in cell division.
Cell wall structure and function
Help maintain cell shape by providing structural support.
Flagella structure and function
Involved in the locomotion of the cell.Helps to propel a cell through the liquid.
Cilia structure and function
To move a cell or group of cells or to help transport fluid or materials past them.
photomicrographs of cellular components in a range of eukaryotic cells
the interrelationship between the organelles involved in the production and secretion of proteins
Importance of cytoskeleton
Provides mechanical strength to cells, aiding transport within cells and enabling cell movement.
the differences in the structure and ultrastructure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria and reticulum which prokaryotic cells do not have
the similarities in the structure and ultrastructure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Both have ribosomes and cell surface membranes.
