Cell Structure Flashcards
Prokaryotes lack??
Nucleus, organelles
Examples of prokaryotes include
Bacteria
Describe the structure of prokaryotes
Nucleic region contains DNA also contains cell membrane and cell wall.
Contains ribosomes to make protein
Describe the structure of eukaryotes
Nucleus
Cytoplasm contains Organelles
Cell membrane
Eukaryotes have??
Nucleus and organelles
Examples of eukaryotes
Animal, plant and fungi
Function of endoplasmic reticulum
Canals for movement
Function of golgi body
Wraps and exports proteins
Function of nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
Function of lysosomes
Digest and gets rid of wast
Function of ribosomes
Makes proteins
Describe golgi bodies
i) Bears resemblance to stakes of flat sacks
ii) Has a receiving side and a shipping side
iii) Receives and modifies protein made by ER
iv) Transport vesicles with modified protein pinch of the ends
Describe lysosomes
i) They contain digestive enzymes
ii) Breaks down food and worn out cell parts for the cell
iii) programmed for cell death( release enzymes to break down and recycle cell parts
Describe nucleolus
i) Cells may have 1 to 3 nucleoli inside nucleus
ii) Disappears when cell divides
iii) Produces ribosomes that produce proteins
Describe endoplasmic reticulum smooth/rough
Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes and produces the protein used by the cell
Rough ER: has ribosomes on its surface that produce proteins
Function of mitochondria
Site of respiration, carries out energy production for the cell ( power house of the cell)
Description: it’s rod shaped
Describe cell membrane
i) Lies against the cell wall in plants made of protein and phospholipids
ii) Selectively permeable
iii) Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell
Describe the cytoplasm
i) Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
ii) Provides medium for chemical reaction to take place
iii) Contains organelles that carry out specific function
Describe the nucleus
i) Controls the normal activities of the cell
ii) Contains DNA
iii) Bounded by a nuclear membrane
iv) Contain chromosomes
v) Each cell has a fixed number of chromosomes that contain Gene’s
vi) Gene’s Controls cell characteristics
Name plant organelles
Chloroplast and cell wall
Describe the chloroplast
i) Contains green pigment called chlorophyll
ii) Traps sunlight to make sugar by a process called photosynthesis
Describe the cell wall
i) Dead layer, large empty spaces found between cellulose fibers
ii) Freely permeable
iii) Its made of cellulose which form very thin fibers
iv) Strong and rigid
v) It protects and supports the enclosed substances (protoplasm)
vi) Resist entry of excess water
vii) Gives the cell shape
Describe the vacoule
i) Has a large central vacuole, surrounded by tonoplast
ii) Contains cell sap( sugar, proteins, pigment, mineral and wast
Name animal organelles
Centriole
Examples of animal cells
Amoeba
Paramecium
Sperm
Cheek cell
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Nerve cells
Muscle cells
Examples of plant cells
Root hair cell
Onion epidermal cell
Guard cell
Similarities between plant cell and animal cell
They both have cell membrane
They both have mitochondria
They both have nucleus
Difference between plant and animal cells
1) Cell wall is present in plant cells
Cell wall is absent in animal cells
2) Plant cells have large vacoule
Animal cells have small or absent
vacoule.
3) Plant cells store food as starch
Animal cells store food as
glycogen.
4) Plant cells have a regular shape
Animal cells have irregular shape
5) Plant cell are relatively large
Animal cells are relatively small
6) Plant cells nucleus is close to the
cell wall
Animal cells nucleus is at the
center.
