cell structure

Question 1

when were light microscopes developed

Answer 1

the 17th century

Question 2

how do light microscopes work?

Answer 2

they use light and lenses to form a magnified image

Question 3

what can you see with a light microscope?

Answer 3

cells and large subcellular structures

Question 4

what are subcellular structures

Answer 4

the components inside a cell

Question 5

when were electron microscopes developed

Answer 5

20th century

Question 6

how do electron microscopes work?

Answer 6

beams of electrons

Question 7

what is the advantage of electron microscopes over light?

Answer 7

higher resolution and magnification

Question 8

what is the magnification calculation?

Answer 8

M = D/A

Question 9

what type of cells are plant and animal?

Answer 9

eukaryotic

Question 10

what is an organelle?

Answer 10

a subcellular component where specific processes take place

Question 11

what organelles are found in an animal cell?

Answer 11

nucleus, cell membranes, mitochondria, ribosomes and cytoplasm

Question 12

function of the nucleus?

Answer 12

contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell

Question 13

function of cytoplasm?

Answer 13

supports internal cell structures and is the site of many chemical reactions

Question 14

what is the cytoplasm made of?

Answer 14

water and dissolved solutes

Question 15

what is a chemical reaction that takes place in the cytoplasm

Answer 15

anaerobic respiration

Question 16

function of cell membrane?

Answer 16

holds the cell together, separates the inside of the cell from the outside, controls which substances enter and leave the cell

Question 17

function of ribosomes?

Answer 17

site protein synthesis

Question 18

where is ribosomes found?

Answer 18

in the cytoplasm

Question 19

function of mitochondria?

Answer 19

the powerhouse of the cell
where most energy in released in respiration

Question 20

why do some cells have significantly more mitochondria than others?

Answer 20

cells with higher metabolism have more reactions taking place in the cell, and therefore need more mitochondria

Question 21

what organelles (or subcellular structures) do plant cells have the animals don’t?

Answer 21

a cell wall, a permanent vacuole and chloroplasts in the roots and leaves

Question 22

function of the cell wall?

Answer 22

gives the cell extra support and defines it’s shape

Question 23

what is the cell wall made of?

Answer 23

cellulose (polymer made of glucose)

Question 24

function of chloroplasts?

Answer 24

contains green chloroplasts pigments to absorb light energy
contains enzymes for photosynthesis

Question 25

function of permanent vacuole?

Answer 25

contains cell sap
used for storage of certain materials
help support shape of the cell

Question 26

what is cell sap made of?

Answer 26

a solution of sugar and salts dissolved in water

Question 27

what materials does the permanent vacuole store?

Answer 27

salts, minerals, pigments and protiens