Cell structure Flashcards
Cytoplasm
jelly like fluid that carries organelles, allows movement
Cell Membrane
protects the cell keeping the cytoplasm inside, semi-permeability allows materials in and out of the cell
Cell Wall
only found in plant cells. gives strength and support to the cell and gives cells a square shape.
Nucleus
control center/brain of the cell. contains DNA of the cell
Nucleolous
found inside nucleus, stores materials to make ribosomes
Ribosomes
site of protein synthesis where amino acids join to create protein. found in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum. smallest but most abundant organelle
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
internal delivery system of the cell, found near nucleus. makes lipids and other materials for inside and outside the cell. breaks down drugs and other harmful chemicals. rough ER: covered in ribosomes. smooth ER: not covered in ribosomes
Mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell where ATP (energy) is made from nutrients to help in respiration. double membraned organelle
Chloroplasts
only found in plant cells, contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
Golgi complex
packages and modifies proteins for secretion or transport to other parts of the cell
Vacuoles
storage organelles that can contain water, ions, nutrients, or waste products. large vacuoles are there in plants
Lysosomes
only in animal cells, contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and foreign material, gets rid of waste and protects the cell against invaders
What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?
Cell wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose that provides structural support and protection, while animal cells lack a cell wall.
Chloroplasts: Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are organelles responsible for photosynthesis and producing energy from sunlight. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
Vacuoles: Plant cells have large central vacuoles that store water, nutrients, and waste products, while animal cells have smaller and less prominent vacuoles.
Shape: Plant cells tend to be rectangular or box-shaped, while animal cells can be round, irregular, or elongated in shape.
Lysosomes: Animal cells have many lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes to break down waste and foreign material. Plant cells don’t have lysosomes.