Cell Structure

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Nucleus

• Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)
• nuclear envelope contains pores which allow molecules to enter and leave the nucleus.
• Nucleus contains chromatin
• Nucleus contains a nucleolus which is the site of ribosome production

Question 2

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Answer 2

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- Made out of flattened sacs (Vesicles) with ribosomes on the surface
- RER folds and processes proteins made on the ribosomes

Question 3

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Answer 3

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
- Made out of membrane bound sacs (Vesicles)
- SER produces and processes lipids

Question 4

Golgi Body

Answer 4

Golgi Body
- Made out of fluid filled, flattened and curved sacs (Vesicles)
- Golgi Body processes and packages proteins and lipids and produces lysosomes (digestive enzymes)

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Mitochondria
- Oval shaped, bound by a double membrane (envelope)
- Inner membrane folded to from projections called cristae
- cristae contain matrix fluid which is used in aerobic respiration

Question 6

Centrioles

Answer 6

Centrioles
- ring of microtubules form hollow cylinders
- 2 centrioles are found arranged at right angles to each other
- Centrioles are involved in cell division

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Ribosomes
- Consist of 2 sub units
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

Lysosomes
- Vesicle containing digestive enzymes bound by a single membrane

Question 9

Cytoskeleton

Answer 9

Cytoskeleton
- Provides mechanical strength (stress)
- Aids transport within cell
- Enables cell movement

Question 10

Protein Transport

Answer 10

Protein Transport
- Proteins produced in ribosomes on RER
- Proteins are then folded and processes by RER
- Proteins transported to Golgi Body in Vesicles
- Proteins modified in Golgi Body
- Proteins are packaged into Vesicles and transported to destination or leave the cell via exocytosis (extracellular enzymes)

Question 11

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 11

Prokaryotic Cells
- Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
- Capsule, slimy layer helps retain moisture, adhere to surfaces and prevents phagocytosis
- Plasmids, Circular piece of DNA
- Flagellum, tail like structure which rotates to move the cell
- Pilli, hair-like structure attaches to other bacterial cells and surfaces (share plasmids to spread immunity)
- Ribosomes, site of protein production