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biology a level > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

function of the cell surface membrane

A

• Controls passage of entry of
substance into the cell
• Site of cell communication
via receptors

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2
Q

function of the nucleus

A

• Stores DNA
• Nuclear pores allow mRNA
& ribosomes to pass through

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3
Q

function of mitochondria

A

• Carry out aerobic respiration

to produce ATP

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4
Q

function of a lysosome

A

• Contains digestive enzymes
to break down pathogens,
old organelles, cells & food
molecules

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5
Q

function of ribosomes

A

• Site of protein synthesis

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6
Q

function of the RER

A

• Provide a large surface area

for protein synthesis

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7
Q

function of the SER

A

• Synthesise, store and
transport lipids and
carbohydrates.

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8
Q

function of the golgi apparatus

A

• Modifies proteins
• Sort, package, and transport
molecules around the cell

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9
Q

function of chloroplasts

A

• Site of

photosynthesis

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10
Q

function of vacuole

A

• Maintains cell
structure
• Act as a temporary energy store

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11
Q

function of cell wall

A

• Provides
support &
mechanical
strength

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12
Q

nucleus in a eukaryotic cell

A

present

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13
Q

nucleus in a prokaryotic cell

A

absent

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14
Q

dna in a eukaryotic cell

A

linear and packaged into chromosomes in the nucleus

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15
Q

dna in a prokaryotic cell

A

circular and freely floating in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

cell membrane in a eukaryotic cell

A

present

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17
Q

cell membrane in a prokaryotic cell

A

present

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18
Q

ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell

A

present

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19
Q

ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell

A

present

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20
Q

does a eukaryotic cell have membrane bound organelles?

A

yes

21
Q

does a prokaryotic cell have membrane bound organelles?

A

no

22
Q

does a eukaryotic cell have a cell wall

A

sometimes ( in plants its cellulose or chitin )

23
Q

does a prokaryotic cell have a cell wall

A

yes ( peptidoglycan )

24
Q

are there any chloroplasts in a eukaryotic cell

A

sometimes

25
Q

are there any chloroplasts in a prokaryotic cell

A

no

26
Q

does a eukaryotic cell have a flagellum

A

no

27
Q

does a prokaryotic cell have a flagellum

A

sometimes

28
Q

how do bacteria replicate?

A

binary fission

29
Q

structure of nucleus

A

Double nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Nucleolus
Chromatin

30
Q

Structure of RER

A

Stacks of membrane bound (fluid filled) sacs which form sheets called cisternae
Attached to the nucleus, and covered in ribosomes

31
Q

Structure of SER

A

Similar to RER but lacks ribosomes

Is a system of interconnected tubules

32
Q

structure of golgi

A

Stacks of flattened, membrane bound sacs (cisternae)

These are continually formed from the ER at one end and budding off as Golgi vesicles at the other.

33
Q

structure of ribosomes

A

A 2 subunit organelle
Made from RNA and protein
Not membrane bound
Very small organelles, about 22nm in diameter
Found free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough ER

34
Q

mitochondria structure

A

Oval shape
Surrounded by two membranes (double membrane)
The inner membrane forms finger-like structure called Cristae which increases the surface area
The solution inside is called a matrix which contains enzymes for respiration
Mitochondrial DNA - small amounts of DNA, enable mitochondrion to reproduce and create enzymes

35
Q

lysosome structure

A

They are spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane

36
Q

cillia structure

A

‘Hair like’ extensions that protrude from some animal cell types
In cross section they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules inside with two microtubules in the middle
Known as a 9+2 arrangement
Arrangement allows movement

37
Q

centrioles structure

A

A component of the cytoskeleton, composed of many microtubules.
Small hollow cycling era that occur in pairs next to the nucleus in animal cells only.
Each centriole contains a ring of 9 microtubules

38
Q

plasma membrane structure

A

The membrane found on the surface of animal cells and inside the cell wall of plant and prokaryotic cells.
A phospholipid bilayer
Composed of proteins and lipids

39
Q

cytoskeleton structure

A

Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate fibres

40
Q

flagella structure

A

Similar to cilia but longer
They protrude from cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane
Like cilia they have a 9+2 arrangement

41
Q

chloroplast structure

A

Double membrane which encloses the stroma
Stroma contains:starch gains, lipid stores, DNA, RNA, ribosomes.
Series of membrane-bound flattened sacs called thylakoids in the stroma. Thylakoids stacked together are called grana.
Grana are linked together by lamellae
Grana contains chlorophyll

42
Q

cell wall structure

A

Made of b-cellulose microfibrils - complex carbohydrate
Cell wall is fully permeable to substances
Thin layer called the middle lamella which marks the boundary between adjacent cell walls and ‘cements) adjacent cells together.

43
Q

nucleolus function

A

makes ribosomes

44
Q

nuclear envelope function

A

protective double layer with pores

45
Q

cillia function

A 
Sensory function (eg nose) , beat creating a current to move fluid/mucous/objects
For locomotion
46
Q

centrioles function

A

Makes a copy of itself during cell division and then helps to form the spindle in cell division

47
Q

microfilaments function

A

Fibres made from the protein actin. They are responsible for movement of the cell and cytoplasm during cytokinesis

48
Q

microtubules function

A

Formed by the globular protein tubulin. They polymerise to form tubes that determine the shape of the cell. They also act as tracks for organelles moving around the cell

49
Q

flagella function

A

(Whip like) enables a cells mobility
The microtubules contract to make the flagellum move
Propel cells formed e.g sperm cells

biology a level (8 decks)

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