Cell Structure

Question 1

Structure of SER

Answer 1

A system of membranes containing cisternae that surround the nuclear envelope.

Question 2

Function of SER

Answer 2

Synthesis ,store and transport lipids and carbohydrates

Question 3

Structure of RER

Answer 3

A system of membranes containing cisternae that surround the nuclear envelope. Also coated with ribosomes.

Question 4

Function of RER

Answer 4

Synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins, provides a pathway for materials to be transported throughout the cell.

Question 5

Structure of Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

A group of fluid filled flattened sacs, Vesicles - small hallow structures

Question 6

Function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Processing and packaging new lipids and proteins made by the endoplasmic reticulum. Transported by vesicles.

Question 7

Structure of Mitochondria

Answer 7

Double membrane - controls entry and exit of materials required.
Cristae - Folded extensions on the inner membrane provide large surface area for enzyme reaction.
Matrix - Semi-rigged material containing enzyme involving in respiration.

Question 8

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 8

Site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP. They are found in large numbers in muscle cells and epithelial cells

Question 9

Structure of Chloroplasts ;

Answer 9

4-10 micrometers long. Found in plant cells. Surrounded by a double membrane.

Question 10

Function of Chloroplasts ;

Answer 10

Site of photosynthesis. Light is trapped to make ATP.

Question 11

Structure of Ribosomes

Answer 11

contains ribosomal RNA, attached to the membrane of RER.

Question 12

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 12

Protein synthesis, there are two types: 80S - Eukaryotic cells and 70S - Prokaryotic cells.

Question 13

Structure of Lysosomes

Answer 13

Double membrane, contains enzymes such as protease an lipase.

Question 14

Function of Lysosomes

Answer 14

Break down material ingested by a phagocyte. Release enzymes to the outside of the cell. Digest components of the cell.

Question 15

Structure of Nucleus

Answer 15

Nuclear envelope - Double membrane 
Nuclear pores - Allows mRNA out 
Chromatin - made from proteins and DNA 
Nucleoplasm - Jelly like substance 
Nucleolus - Makes RNA and ribosomes

Question 16

Function of Nucleus

Answer 16

Acts as a control center for the cell by producing mRNA and hence protein synthesis. Retain genetic material around the cell in the form of DNA or chromosomes. Manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes.

Question 17

Structure of Cilia and Undulipodia

Answer 17

Protrusions that are surrounded buy the cell surface membrane. Each contains microtubules. They are formed from centrioles.

Question 18

Function of Cilia and Undulipodia

Answer 18

They beat and move around the band of mucus. It contains receptors, allows the cell to detect signals about its immediate environment.

Question 19

Structure of Centrioles

Answer 19

The centrioles consists of two bundles of microtubules at right angles to each other. The microtubules are made of tubulin protein subunits. Arranged into a cylinder.

Question 20

Function of Centrioles

Answer 20

To help with cell division in animal cells, and the formation of the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes during cell division.

Question 21

Structure of Cell Wall

Answer 21

The cell wall of plants is on the outside of the plasma membrane. It is made from bundles of cellulose fibers.

Question 22

Function of Cell Wall

Answer 22

Prevents the cell from bursting when turgid. Maintains the cells shape. Contribute to the strength and support of the plant. Are permeable.