Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY Unit 1 - Cell biology > Cell structure > Flashcards

Cell structure Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are three common features of plant and animal cells (eukaryotes)?

A

1) Cell membrane; 2) Cytoplasm; 3) Genetic material in a nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which are bigger; bacterial cells (prokaryotes) or eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or false? “Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall.”

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false? “Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.”

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In what form is the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

A

A single DNA loop.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name five common parts of animal and plant cells.

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name three further features of a plant cell.

A

Chloroplasts, permanent vacuole (filled with cell sap), cell wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the function of the mitochondria.

A

Where aerobic respiration occurs to release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name three further features of a plant cell.

A

Chloroplasts, permanent vacuole (filled with cell sap), cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the function of the cytoplasm.

A

The location of cellular reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the function of the cell membrane.

A

To determine what is allowed into and out of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the function of the ribosomes.

A

To bond amino acids together to form proteins (protein synthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the function of the chloroplasts.

A

The location of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the function of the permanent vacuole.

A

A storage area for ions and water, sometimes pigments. Helps to maintain water balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which strong material is the cell wall of plant and algal cells made from?

A

Cellulose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the definition of a cell?

A

The individual unit of an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the definition of a tissue?

A

Cells of the same type working together to perform a specific function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the definition of an organ?

A

A structure made from multiple tissue types to perform a specific function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the definition of an organ system?

A

Multiple organs working together to perform a specific function.

20
Q

Describe a specialisation of a sperm cell.

A

Mobile due to flagellum
Many mitochondria to allow high energy release for movement
Streamlined head
Digestive enzymes in head to break down egg membrane.

21
Q

Describe a specialisation of a nerve cell.

A

Many proteins embedded in cell membrane to allow ion movement.
The nerve cell is covered with a fatty sheath, which insulates the nerve cell and speeds up the nerve impulse.

22
Q

Describe a specialisation of a muscle cell.

A

Many mitochondria to provide lots of energy for contraction
Many ribosomes to synthesise proteins.

23
Q

Describe a specialisation of a root hair cell.

A

Elongated shape to increase surface area for ion absorption; many mitochondria to provide lots of energy for active transport.

24
Q

Describe a specialisation of a xylem cell.

A

Little cell contents to allow easy movement of water and ions through each cell.

25
Q

What is “cell differentiation”?

A

The process where a stem cell develops new sub-cellular structures to let it perform a specific function.

26
Q

When do most animal cells differentiate?

A

At an early stage of development.

27
Q

In mature animals, what is cell differentiation used for?

A

Repair and replacement of old/damaged cells.

28
Q

What are the two advantages of electron microscopes over light microscopes?

A
  1. Increased magnification, 2. Increased resolution
29
Q

What is the “resolution” of a microscope?

A

The ability to differentaite two or more objects close together

30
Q

What are the three forms of equation used to calculate magnification (M), the image size (I) or the actual size of an object (A)?

A

I = A X M M = I/A A = I/M

31
Q

What is a “contaminant”?

A

An unwanted species of microorganism growing in your culture.

32
Q

Define Eukaryotic cells

A

A cell with a defined nucleus

33
Q

Define prokaryotic cells

A

A cell without a nucleus

34
Q

What are the features of prokaryotic cells (bacteria) ?

A

No nucleus, encased by a cell wall, pili helps to attach cell to surface

35
Q

What are some disadvantages of using embryonic stem cells as a treatment?

A

Can cause viral infections
Ethical beliefs

36
Q

What material strengthens the wall of a xylem cell?

A

Lignin

37
Q

What part of the cell do most chemical reactions take place?

A

Cytoplasm

38
Q

What came first prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are the evolved versions of prokaryotic cells.

39
Q

What do prokaryotic cells not have?

A

Mitochondria (where respiration takes place)
Chloroplasts ( where photosynthesis takes place)
Nucleus, instead genetic material stored in a single DNA loop in the cytoplasm.

40
Q

Define a prokaryote.

A

An organism made up of a single prokaryotic cell. (Unicellular organism)

41
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Single loop of DNA stored in the cytoplasm which contains most of the cells genetic information.

42
Q

Define a ribosome.

A

Responsible for protein synthesis.

43
Q

What does the acrosome of the tip of the sperm cell contain?

A

Digestive enzymes needed to penetrate the egg cell.

44
Q

Define magnification.

A

How many times larger an image is when seen through a microscope compared to the actual object.

45
Q

Describe the shape of a red blood cell.

A

Biconcave disc.

46
Q

Do red blood cells have a nucleus?

A

NO.

BIOLOGY Unit 1 - Cell biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions