Cell Structure Flashcards
What in an animal cell?
Cytoplasm is found inside the cell and contains all the other cell structures
The large nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane to separate it from the cytoplasm
The cell membrane surrounds the cell. Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) are organelles found throughout the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are tiny structures that can be free within the cytoplasm or attached to a system of membranes inside the cell
What is the structure of an animal cell?
Cytoplasm is found inside the cell and contains all the other cell structures
The large nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane to separate it from the cytoplasm
The cell membrane surrounds the cell
The cell wall is made of cellulose and surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells
Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) are organelles found throughout the cytoplasm
Chloroplasts are organelles found in the cytoplasm that are packed with the pigment chlorophyll and so are green in color
Ribosomes are tiny structures that can be free within the cytoplasm or attached to a system of membranes inside the cell
Vacuoles are large vesicles that take up a large part of the interior of plant cells
What is the function of a nucleus?
Contains genetic material in chromosomes which control how cells grow and work.
Control cell division.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Supports cell structures.
Sites of many chemical reactions.
Contains water and many solutes.
What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
Holds the cell together.
Controls substances entering and leaving the cell. Partially permeable membrane.
What is the point of the cell wall?
Gives the cell extra support and defines its shape.
What is the deal with the mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration. Provides energy for the cell.
What is the life purpose of chloroplasts?
Site of PSYNT, providing food for da plants.
The chlorophyll pigments absorb dat light energy needed for da reaction to occur, bro.
Why in the world are the ribosomes?
Site of protein production in protein synthesis.
What on earth is the vacuole for?
Contains cell sap, which is used for da storage of certain materials. Also like a boss it helps support the shape of the cell.
What is the meaning of specialized cells?
Specialised cells are those which have developed certain characteristics in order to perform particular functions.
What is cell differentiation?
Cells specialize by undergoing differentiation: a process that involves the cell gaining new structures within the cell in order for it to be suited to its function. Cells can either differentiate once early on or have the ability to differentiate their whole lives (these are called stem cells)
In animals, most cells only differentiate once, but in plants many cells retain the ability.
What are examples of specialized cells in animals? Cause der important bro.
Ciliated Cells Nerve Cells (Cause dey get on ma nerves) Red blood cell Sperm cells (Preggo) Egg cell
What are stem cells?
Many tissues in the human body contain a small number of undifferentiated cells
These are called stem cells and their function is to divide and produce new differentiated cells within the tissue for growth and repair
Adult stem cells from bone marrow are quite useful in medicine as they can be directed to differentiate into several different cell types (unlike adult stem cells from other tissues which can only differentiate into related cell types)
Stem cells are also found in great numbers in embryonic tissue as there is a large amount of development and differentiation going on during foetal development
Scientists can clone these embryonic stem cells and direct them to differentiate into almost any cell type.
What are advantages of stem cells?
Replace damaged cells (Type 1 diabetes, Spinal cord injuries)
Bone marrow transplants (Treat Leukemia, Blood cell cancers.)
Organs made of patients cells. No chance of organ rejection. No need to find a donor. (We aint gonna break up now)
