Cell Structure Flashcards
Formula magnification
Size image/size specimen.
Formula size of image
Size specimen x magnification.
Formula size of specimen
Size image/magnification.
What is resolution?
The ability of a microscope to distinguish detail.
What is magnification?
The ability to make small objects seem larger.
What is the cell membrane and what does it do?
The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. Provides protection and a fixed environment to the cell.
What is the nuclear envelope and what does it do?
A double membrane layer that separates the contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell.
What is the rough ER and what does it do?
A series of connected flattened sacs that produces proteins for the rest of the cell to function.
What is the golgi body and what does it do?
An organelle of eukaryotic cells that is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids.
What are 70s ribosomes and what do they do?
Tiny spherical organelles found in bacteria that make proteins by joining amino acids together.
What are 80s ribosomes and what do they do?
Tiny spherical organelles found in eukaryotic cells that make proteins by joining amino acids together.
What are centrioles and what do they do?
Cylindrical organelles near the nucleus in animal cells involved in the development of spindle fibres in cell division.
What are chloroplasts and what do they do?
Round organelles in plants that conduct photosynthesis. They are where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight.
What are plasmodesmata and what do they do?
Microscopic channels which traverse the cell walls of plant cells for transport, communication and signalling between cells.
What is the nucleus and what does it do?
The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s chromosomes. It stores the cell’s hereditary material and it coordinates the cell’s activities.
What is the nucleolus and what does it do?
A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. It plays a key role in the transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
What is the smooth ER and what does it do?
Tubular membrane vesicles that are involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids, including cholesterol and phospholipids.
What are mitochondria and what do they do?
Double membrane-bound organelles found in most eukaryotic organisms. They generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.
What are lysosomes and what do they do?
Membrane-bound cell organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest large molecules through the use of hydrolytic enzymes.
What are microtubules and what do they do?
Hollow cylinders that provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells.
What is the cell wall and what does it do?
A rigid layer of polysaccharides that provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.
What is the vacuole and what does it do?
A vesicle within the cytoplasm that helps sequester waste products in animals and helps maintain water balance in plants.
What is the tonoplast and what does it do?
A membrane which bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell.
Where is ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) produced?
In mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What does ATP do?
Provides energy to drive many processes in living cells.
Key features of eukaryotic cells
Cell membrane, cell wall in plants and fungi, cytoplasm with various cell organelles, DNA in a nucleus, mitochondria, divide by mitosis.
Key features of prokaryotic cells
Cell membrane, chromosomal DNA that is concentrated in a nucleoid, ribosomes, and a cell wall, divide by binary fission.
Key features of viruses
Non-living structures, non-cellular, contain a protein coat called the capsid, have a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA.
