Cell Structure

Question 1

Formula magnification

Answer 1

Size image/size specimen.

Question 2

Formula size of image

Answer 2

Size specimen x magnification.

Question 3

Formula size of specimen

Answer 3

Size image/magnification.

Question 4

What is resolution?

Answer 4

The ability of a microscope to distinguish detail.

Question 5

What is magnification?

Answer 5

The ability to make small objects seem larger.

Question 6

What is the cell membrane and what does it do?

Answer 6

The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. Provides protection and a fixed environment to the cell.

Question 7

What is the nuclear envelope and what does it do?

Answer 7

A double membrane layer that separates the contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

Question 8

What is the rough ER and what does it do?

Answer 8

A series of connected flattened sacs that produces proteins for the rest of the cell to function.

Question 9

What is the golgi body and what does it do?

Answer 9

An organelle of eukaryotic cells that is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids.

Question 10

What are 70s ribosomes and what do they do?

Answer 10

Tiny spherical organelles found in bacteria that make proteins by joining amino acids together.

Question 11

What are 80s ribosomes and what do they do?

Answer 11

Tiny spherical organelles found in eukaryotic cells that make proteins by joining amino acids together.

Question 12

What are centrioles and what do they do?

Answer 12

Cylindrical organelles near the nucleus in animal cells involved in the development of spindle fibres in cell division.

Question 13

What are chloroplasts and what do they do?

Answer 13

Round organelles in plants that conduct photosynthesis. They are where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight.

Question 14

What are plasmodesmata and what do they do?

Answer 14

Microscopic channels which traverse the cell walls of plant cells for transport, communication and signalling between cells.

Question 15

What is the nucleus and what does it do?

Answer 15

The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s chromosomes. It stores the cell’s hereditary material and it coordinates the cell’s activities.

Question 16

What is the nucleolus and what does it do?

Answer 16

A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. It plays a key role in the transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Question 17

What is the smooth ER and what does it do?

Answer 17

Tubular membrane vesicles that are involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids, including cholesterol and phospholipids.

Question 18

What are mitochondria and what do they do?

Answer 18

Double membrane-bound organelles found in most eukaryotic organisms. They generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.

Question 19

What are lysosomes and what do they do?

Answer 19

Membrane-bound cell organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest large molecules through the use of hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 20

What are microtubules and what do they do?

Answer 20

Hollow cylinders that provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells.

Question 21

What is the cell wall and what does it do?

Answer 21

A rigid layer of polysaccharides that provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.

Question 22

What is the vacuole and what does it do?

Answer 22

A vesicle within the cytoplasm that helps sequester waste products in animals and helps maintain water balance in plants.

Question 23

What is the tonoplast and what does it do?

Answer 23

A membrane which bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell.

Question 24

Where is ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) produced?

Answer 24

In mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 25

What does ATP do?

Answer 25

Provides energy to drive many processes in living cells.

Question 26

Key features of eukaryotic cells

Answer 26

Cell membrane, cell wall in plants and fungi, cytoplasm with various cell organelles, DNA in a nucleus, mitochondria, divide by mitosis.

Question 27

Key features of prokaryotic cells

Answer 27

Cell membrane, chromosomal DNA that is concentrated in a nucleoid, ribosomes, and a cell wall, divide by binary fission.

Question 28

Key features of viruses

Answer 28

Non-living structures, non-cellular, contain a protein coat called the capsid, have a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA.