Cell Struc - Organelles Flashcards
1
Q
Nucleus
A
- provides code for protein synthesis
- site of transcription
- nuclear envelope
- nuclear plasm
- nuclear pores
- double membrane
2
Q
mitochondria
A
- ATP synthesis
- double membrane
- innermem’ is HIGHLY folded to form cristae
- matrix
- circular DNA
- 70s ribosomes
3
Q
Rough ER
A
- transport system of proteins
- series of membranes
forms series of tubes - studded with ribosomes
4
Q
smooth ER
A
- lipid synthesis and transport
- series of membranes
- no ribosomes
5
Q
ribosomes
A
- site of protein synthesis
- two sub units
- 80s in prokaryotes 70s in eukaryotes
- subunits come together around strands of mRNA
6
Q
Golgi body/apparatus/complex
A
- modifying and packaging proteins to be exported form cell
- stack of flattened membranous sacs
7
Q
Lysomes (animal cells only)
A
- break down worn-out organelles and to digest material taken in by phagocytosis
- vesicles containing digestive enzymes (lysozymes)
8
Q
centrioles (animal cells only )
A
small cylinders that separate in early stages of cell division to form spindle fibres
9
Q
chloroplasts (plant cells only )
A
- site of photosynthesis
- double membrane
- stroma (cytoplasm-like)
- membrane bound thylakoids (many = grana)
- own DNA
- 70s ribosomes
10
Q
cellulose cell wall (plant cells only)
A
- keeps cell ridged (maintains cell structure)
- has many pores called plasmodesmata
11
Q
plasmodesmata (plant cells only)
A
allows cytoplasm of neighbouring cells to connect and exchange substances
12
Q
vacuole (animal cells may have vacuoles but they are smaller and don’t have a tonoplast)
A
- storage and helps support cell structure
- contains cell sap
- surrounded by membrane called tonoplast
13
Q
cell membranes/ plasma membrane
A
- controls passage of substances in and out of cell
- phospholipid bilayer
