Cell Specialisation And Organisation

Question 1

what are multicellular organisms?

Answer 1

• cells that are specialised to perform specific functions
• the similar cells are grouped together into tissues
• tissues to organs and organs onto organ systems for increased efficiency

Question 2

why are specialised cells important?

Answer 2

-to stay alive all cells of a multicellular organism perform certain basic functions however no one cell can provide the best conditions for all functions so the cells in multicellular organisms are specialised in different ways to preform a particular role

Question 3

How do cells become specialised?

Answer 3

• through evolution form certain organelles and structures to suite the role it arrives out
• the first group of cells in an embryo are all identical but as it matures each elk takes on its own individual characteristics that suite the function it will carry out when it matures

Question 4

How are cells produced in humans?

Answer 4

• mitotic division from the fertilised egg so they all contain the same genes
• every cell contains the genes needed for it to develop however only one of these genes are turned on in any one cell at any one time which is how cells become specialised

Question 5

What causes in cells?

Answer 5

• shape

- the numbers of each of their organelles like muscles have many mitochondria where as bone cells have very few

Question 6

How are the cells in multicellular organisms evolved?

Answer 6

-they have become more and more suited to one specialised function and ate adapted to grid own particular function and perform it more effectively as area you the whole organism functions efficiently

Question 7

what are tissues?

Answer 7

-for efficiency cells are normally aggregated together to form a specific function

Question 8

epithelial cells?

Answer 8

-they are found ok animals and consist of sheet cells lining the surfaces of organs and often have a protective secretory function

Question 9

What is the xylem?

Answer 9

• the xylem occurs in plants and is made up of a number of similar cells used to transport waiter and mineral ions throughout the plant
• provides mechanical support

Question 10

what are organs?

Answer 10

-a combination of tissues tags are coordinated to perform a variety of functions although they often have one predominant major function

Question 11

which tissues make up the digestive system?

Answer 11

• muscles to churn and mix the stomach contents
• epithelium to protect the stomach wall and produce secretions
• connective tissue to hold together the other tissues

Question 12

which tissues make up the organ leaf?

Answer 12

• palisade mesophyll made up of lead palisade cells that carry out photosynthesis
• spongy mesophyll adapted for gaseous diffusion
• epidermis to protect the leaf and allow gaseous diffusion
• phloem to transport organic materials away from the leaf
• xylem to transport water as ions into the leaf

Question 13

what is an organ system?

Answer 13

• organs that are working together as a single unit known as an organ system
• the systems may be grouped together to perform particular functions more efficiently

Question 14

what is the digestive system?

Answer 14

• it digests and processes food

- it’s made up from organs that include the salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, pancreas and liver

Question 15

what is the respiratory system?

Answer 15

• it’s used for breathing an gas exchange

- it’s made from organs that include the trachea, bronchi and lungs

Question 16

what is the circulatory system?

Answer 16

-it pumps and circulates blood made up of organs that include the heart, arteries and veins