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biology > cell specialisation > Flashcards

cell specialisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is cell specialisation?

A

Cell specialisation is the process by which cells develop specific structures and functions to perform particular tasks in an organism.

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2
Q

True or False: All cells in an organism are identical.

A

False

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3
Q

What is the term for cells that have a specific structure and function?

A

Specialised cells

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4
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

To transport oxygen around the body

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5
Q

What is the term for a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function?

A

Tissue

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ cells have a specific role in the immune system.

A

White blood

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7
Q

What is the term for a collection of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function?

A

Organ

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8
Q

What is an example of an organ in the human body?

A

Heart

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9
Q

Which type of cell is responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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10
Q

What is the term for a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function?

A

Organ system

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11
Q

What is an example of an organ system in the human body?

A

Digestive system

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12
Q

True or False: Cells can change their structure and function throughout an organism’s life.

A

True

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13
Q

What is the term for the process by which cells become specialised?

A

Cell differentiation

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14
Q

What is the role of a muscle cell?

A

To contract and generate force for movement

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ cells are involved in the production of antibodies.

A

B lymphocyte

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16
Q

What is the term for the process by which cells lose their specialised features?

A

Cell dedifferentiation

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17
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

To fertilise an egg cell

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18
Q

True or False: Stem cells are already fully specialised.

A

False

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19
Q

What is the term for cells that have the potential to develop into various cell types?

A

Stem cells

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20
Q

What is the role of a skin cell?

A

To protect the body from external factors

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ cells are found in bone marrow and produce blood cells.

22
Q

What is the term for the process by which stem cells become specialised cells?

A

Cell fate determination

23
Q

What is the function of a leaf cell in a plant?

A

To carry out photosynthesis

24
Q

What is the term for cells that can develop into any type of cell in the body?

A

Pluripotent stem cells

25
Q

True or False: Differentiation is a reversible process.

26
Q

What is the term for cells that can differentiate into a limited number of cell types?

A

Multipotent stem cells

27
Q

What is the role of a root hair cell in a plant?

A

To absorb water and minerals from the soil

28
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ cells can give rise to any type of cell in their tissue of origin.

A

Multipotent

29
Q

What is the term for cells that can differentiate into any cell type, including extraembryonic tissues?

A

Totipotent stem cells

30
Q

What is the function of a xylem cell in a plant?

A

To transport water and minerals from roots to leaves

31
Q

True or False: Totipotent stem cells can only give rise to one cell type.

32
Q

What is the term for cells that can give rise to any cell type except extraembryonic tissues?

A

Pluripotent stem cells

33
Q

What is the role of a palisade cell in a plant leaf?

A

To carry out photosynthesis

34
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ stem cells are limited in the types of cells they can become.

A

Multipotent

35
Q

What is the term for a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function in plants?

A

Plant tissue

36
Q

What is the function of a guard cell in a plant leaf?

A

To regulate gas exchange and control water loss

37
Q

What is the term for a collection of different plant tissues that work together to perform a specific function?

A

Plant organ

38
Q

True or False: Plant cells are not capable of specialisation.

39
Q

What is the term for the process by which plant cells become specialised?

A

Cell differentiation

40
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ cells are involved in the process of photosynthesis in plants.

A

Chloroplast

41
Q

What is the term for the process by which plant cells lose their specialised features?

A

Cell dedifferentiation

42
Q

What is the function of a phloem cell in a plant?

A

To transport sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant

43
Q

True or False: Plant stem cells are already fully specialised.

44
Q

What is the term for cells that have the potential to develop into various cell types in plants?

A

Plant stem cells

45
Q

What is the role of a root cell in a plant?

A

To anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients

46
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ cells in plants can give rise to different cell types depending on environmental signals.

A

Plant stem

47
Q

What is the term for the process by which plant stem cells become specialised cells?

A

Cell fate determination

48
Q

What is the function of a stoma cell in a plant leaf?

A

To regulate gas exchange and control water loss

49
Q

What is the term for cells that can develop into any type of cell in plants?

A

Pluripotent plant stem cells

50
Q

True or False: Differentiation in plants is a reversible process.

51
Q

What is the term for cells that can differentiate into a limited number of cell types in plants?

A

Multipotent plant stem cells

biology (17 decks)

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