Cell Signalling Definitions Flashcards
Inhibition at or before response=
preventing response
Inhibiting signalling at termination=
response continues
Autocrine signalling (local communication)
act on the same cell that secreted them
paracrine signalling (local communication)
secreted by one cell and then binds to another nearby or adjacent cell
Endocrine signalling (Long distance signalling)
signal molecules travel through the bloodstream to the near and distant receptors to produce a response (e.g hormones)
Neuronal signalling (long distance signalling)
Occurs when signal molecules are released from hormones. Signals function similarly to endocrine (going through the blood and reaching a distant target cell). Neurotransmitters/ neurohormones
Synaptic signalling (local signalling)
communication that occurs in a specialized area on the neurons, the synapse. Generates local, rapid release of signal molecules to communicate with adjacent neurons.
Signal Transduction
the movement of a signal from the outside of a cell to the inside of a cell (converts one form of a signal into multiple forms)
Amplification
increases the strength of the signal
extracellular signalling binds to
membrane receptor
the binding of the extracellular signalling molecule to the membrane receptor activates
intracellular signalling molecle
intracellular signalling molecules alter the
target protein
intracellular signalling molecules alter the target proteins, this creates what?
a response
Intracellular signal receptors
slower response because molecules have to be lipophilic/hydrophobic or have a partner molecule to diffuse through the cell membrane; bind to a receptor in the cytosol or in the nucleus triggering a response
Extracellular Receptors (cell membrane receptors)
bind to the cell membrane receptor which triggers a rapid cellular response. Bond to hydrophilic/lipophobic signalling molecules as they can have trouble passing through the cell membrane
