Cell Signalling Flashcards
1
Q
What is cell signalling?
A
- Cell signalling involves the transmission of a signal from sending cell to a receiving cell.
2
Q
Why is cell signalling important?
A
- It provides the coordination required for the functionality of multicellular organisms.
3
Q
What are two examples of ‘ligands’?
A
- neurotransmitters
- hormones
4
Q
Which components of the FMM of the target cell does the cell signaling molecule bind to?
A
- They bind to the receptors on the protein. Different receptors are specific for different molecules.
5
Q
How does this mechanism ensure the signal is only received by the target cells?
A
- Through cell contact. The transfer of signalling molecules transmit the current state of one of its neighbour. This allows the group of cells to coordinate their response to a signal that only one of them has received.
6
Q
How does the signal travel through the cell to bring about the response?
A
- These signals must be transmitted across the cell membrane. The signal can also interact with receptor for proteins that contact both the outside and inside of the cell.
7
Q
What are the types of cell signalling?
A
-Endocrine
-Paracrine
-Neuronal (synaptic)
- Contact-dependent
- Autocrine
8
Q
What is endocrine signalling?
A
- Transmits over long distances. The signals are produced by specialised cells and released into the bloodstreams, which carriers them to target cells.
9
Q
What is paracrine signalling?
A
- Cells communicate over relatively short distances. Communicate through the release of chemicals.
10
Q
What is neuronal signalling?
A
- In which never cells transmit signals/ This process is named for the synapse, the Junction, between two never cells where signals transmission occurs.
11
Q
What is contact-dependent signalling?
A
- Transmits the current state of one cell to its neighbour. This allows a group of cells to coordinate their response to a signal that only one of them may have received.
12
Q
What is autocrine signalling?
A
In autocrine sigalling, a cell signals to release a ligand that binds to receptors on its own surface.
